1. Classification of Matter

2. The Particle Model (Theory) of Matter

3. All matter is made up of extremely tiny particles called atoms

4. 2. Each pure substance has its own kind of particles, different from the particles of another substance

5. 3. Particles of matter attract each other

6. 4. Particles are always moving

8. 5. Particles at a higher temperature move faster than average particles at a lower temperature

9. The particle model helps us to understand the nature and properties of matter
Matter can be classified by its state: solid, liquid, gas or plasma. Matter can also be classified according to its composition as mixed or pure substance

10. Matter You are surrounded by matter. EVERYTHING is made up of matter.
Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space. It can exist in all three states.

12. You Try! How would you separate the following mixtures?
Sugar and water and sand
Table salt, iron filings and aluminum filings

13. Properties of Matter
Properties – are characteristics that can be used to describe a substance
Physical Property – a property that a substance has on its own. It can be observed without changing the substance into something else
Ex Describe your friend.....you may talk about their height, weight, hair color, eye color

14. Chemical Property – a property that can only be observed when the substance changes into another substance.
Ex – flammability, does it tarnish (change color) when exposed to air, change in color, smell, temperature

15. Physical Properties Shape/color State at room temperature
Density (how hard it is)
Melting point/boiling point
Is it magnetic?
Conductivity –will it conduct electricity?
Solubility – can it dissolve?
Malleability – can it be beaten? Flattened?
Ductility – can it be stretched into wires?

16. Chemical Properties Change in smell (odor) Change in color
How does it react with air? Rusting
Flammable
Reaction with acids
Reaction with water
Reaction to heat

17. Physical VS Chemical Changes
Change in the appearance of a substance that does NOT change the chemical composition of the substance
Ex ice ceam melting, bedning metal, crushing a sugar cube, making Kool Aid

18. Involves energy transfer (change in temperature)
____________ Changes
Change that results when two or more substances react together to create a new/different substance
The new substance has completely different properties from the original ones (NOT just change in state!)
Involves energy transfer (change in temperature)
Ex cooking pancakes

19. Evidence of Chemical Changes
H C P I G

20. You Try!
Identify the physical and chemical properties in this sentence:
“Iron is very magnetic, it has a tendency to tarnish in air, and bubbles when placed in hydrochloric acid
Work on the chemical and physical part of the worksheet, Review of Matter

21. Heterogeneous mixtures have particles that are not uniformly scattered and appears as two or more substances mixed together

22. Homogeneous mixtures have particles that are uniformly scattered and the mixture appears to be ONE substance
It is impossible to tell a solution from a pure substance by appearance ALONE

23. Hetero/homogenous?

24. If.....Than.....
If heterogeneous mixtures disperse the beam of light as it refracts/reflects off the particles, then..
Question:
what type of lights should you use in heavy fog?
High Beam
Low Beam
No Lights
Why?

27. Pure Substances and Mixtures
Pure Substance – matter that has a definite composition. Therefore it can be an element, or a compound. All parts are the same.
Al, Cu, O
H2O, NaCl, CO2
Mixture – a combination of matter that can be separated by physical means and dose NOT have a definite composition

28. Difference between Mixtures and Pure Substances
You MAY be able to tell them apart by smell, texture, or density (physical properties)
Or you may need to examine the melting point, boiling point etc. (chemical properties)
Mixtures boil and freeze at different temperatures than the pure substances that make them up!
Ex. Adding salt to the roads in winter LOWERS the melting point of the ice, so it melts quicker

30. You Try!
A black solid with a constant melting point is heated to a high temperature, producing a gas and a shiny metal. The boiling point of the gas is -183oC and the melting point of the metal is 1085oC. IS the black solid and element, compound or mixture? Explain

31. Breakdown
Constant melting melting point means it is not a mixture. (it would change if different substances were in the substance)
Both a blue gas and a solid are formed from the original black solid, so it is NOT an element (which would have been pure)
Compound!

32. Is this 100% pure juice?

34. Elements and Compounds

35. Elements and Compounds
A compound – a pure substance composed of two or more elements combined together in fixed proportions (ratio)
An element – a pure substance with definite composition made up of one type of atom

36. 1) Mechanical (Ordinary) Mixtures
Each part is big enough to be seen
The parts stay mixed
Example: granite
You can see the quartz,
Feldspar and mica

37. 2) Suspensions
Heterogeneous mixtures made up of large particles that are uniformly mixed
Particles will settle if left undisturbed
CAN be seperated by filtering
WILL scatter light
Examples: flour, charcoal, powdered chalk

38. 3) Colloids
Heterogeneous mixtures made up of fine particles evenly distributed
Ex. Hair gel, clouds
Tyndall Effect – the scattering
of light by colloidal particles

39. 4) Emulsions
A type of colloid in which liquids are dispersed in another liquid
The molecules can separate to form layers of the original liquids
Adding an emulsifying agent may keep the liquid dispersed in the other liquid
Example: peanut butter,
or mayonnaise