1. Chapter 2 Atoms and Elements
2.1 Elements and Symbols
2.2 Periodic Table
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2. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Elements
Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes
Are the building blocks of matter
112 elements known today
Examples: carbon
gold
calcium
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3. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Symbols of Elements
Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations
Capitalize the first letter only
Examples:
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium
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4. Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin name
Copper Cu cuprum
Gold Au aurum
Lead Pb plumbum
Mercury Hg hydrargyrum
Potassium K kalium
Silver Ag argentum
Sodium Na natrium
Tin Sn stannum
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5. % Major Elements in the Body
O 65.0 % K
C S
H Na
N Cl
Ca Fe
P Zn Mg
Trace Elements
As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V
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6. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) CA
B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) Su
C. Iron
1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe
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7. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
2) Ca
B. Sulfur
1) S
C. Iron
3) Fe
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8. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickel
B. P
1) potassium 2) phogiston 3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver 2) agean 3) gold
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9. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
2) nitrogen
B. P
3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver
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10. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Periodic Table
The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
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11. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Physical Properties
The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
Color
Size
Shape
Density
Freezing and Boiling Points
Odor
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12. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Groups of Elements
Vertical columns on the periodic table
Similar physical properties
Similar chemical properties
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13. Groups on the Periodic Table
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14. Representative Groups
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Group Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7 Halogens
Group 8 Noble Gases
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15. Location of Some Groups A
l m
k e
a t
l a
i l s A l k a i n e H a l o g e n s
I G
n a
e s
r e
t s
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16. Periods on the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.
Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….
Include representative elements and transition elements
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17. Periods on the Periodic Table1 2 3 4 5 6
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18. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4
1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron
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19. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution
A. Element in Group 7A, period 4
1) Br
B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3
2) magnesium
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20. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4
1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium 2) magnesium 3) boron
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
1) As, Sb, Bi ) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
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21. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4
1) Br
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
2) magnesium
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
2) N, P, As
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22. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Metals and Nonmetals
Metals
Located to the left of the heavy line
Shiny, ductile
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals
Located to the right of the heavy line
Dull and brittle
Poor conductors, good insulators
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23. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Metals and Nonmetals
Transition metals
NONMETALS
METALS
METALS
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24. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur ____
B. chlorine ____
C. sodium ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____
F. silver ____
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25. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulfur 2
B. chlorine 2
C. sodium 1
D. iron 1
E. carbon 2
F. silver 1
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26. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Learning Check
Select the correct elements:
A. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
2) C, Si
3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Nonmetals in Group VA
1) As, Sb, Bi
2) N, P, As
3) N, P, As, Sb
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27. LecturePLUS Timberlake
Solution
A. Metals in Group 4A
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A
2) N, P, As
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