1. The Periodic Table of Elements
S8P1.f
Elements Song

2. Objective
Describe the basic organization of the periodic table of elements.
Use the periodic table to determine the number of electron shells and valence electrons of an element.

3. What is the Periodic Table of Elements?
The Periodic Table of Elements is a way of organizing the elements in relation to each other so it is easy to find elements that have similar properties.
Why is it helpful?
It allows scientists to make predictions and explain events.

4. Important Questions
What is the purpose of the Periodic Table? It presents and organizes information about all the elements.
What is an element? An element is a pure substance that does not break down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

5. Important Questions, cont.
How are elements arranged in the table? They are arranged according to their properties, or characteristics. This includes atomic number.
What does atomic number tell you? It tells you the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (id). It also tells you how many electrons the atom has.

6. 6 C
Carbon
12.01
ATOMIC NUMBER
SYMBOL
NAME
ATOMIC MASS

7. FINDING PROTONS, NEUTRONS, & ELECTRONS
# PROTONS = ATOMIC #
# ELECTRONS = # PROTONS
ATOMIC MASS = # PROTONS + # NEUTRONS
# NEUTRONS = ATOMIC MASS - # PROTONS

8. Important Questions, cont.
What types of organization will I find on the periodic table?
The elements are arranged in horizontal rows in order of increasing atomic number.
Each row (horizontal) is a period.
There are 7 periods.

9. NONMETALS
METALS
METALLOIDS
GAS
LIQUID L
SOLID L L

10. What is special about the elements in a period?
All elements in a period have the same number of energy levels. Elements in the first row have one energy level. Elements in the second row have two energy levels. Elements in the third row have three energy levels, and so on.

11. PERIODS *Each row is called a “period”
The elements in each period have the same number of electron shells
1st Period=1 Shell nd Period= 2 Shells
3rd Period= 3 Shells
4th Period = 4 Shells

13. NONMETALS
METALS
METALLOIDS
GAS
LIQUID L
SOLID L L

14. Does the periodic table have groups or families?
Yes! A vertical column in the table is a group, or family.
The elements in a group, or family, have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level.
This means the elements in a group, or family, have similar properties.
Some groups, or families, have names.
The Element Song #2

15. Groups and Families Each column is called a “group” or family.
Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in its outer orbital, also known as its outer shell.
The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons.”

16. Valence Electrons
Same group or family

17. METALS NONMETALS METALLOIDS
Solid at room temp, except Hg
Malleable: able to be shaped
Ductile: able to be pulled into
wire
Have luster: are shiny
Good conductors
Lose electrons in chemical reactions
Most are gases, except Br
Brittle (easily broken) in solid phase
Dull
Poor conductors
Gain electrons in chemical reactions
Characteristics of metals
Characteristics of nonmetals
FALL ALONG THE JAGGED LINE
(stair steps) on the Periodic Table
METALLOIDS

18. METALS Solid at room temp, except Hg Malleable: able to be shaped
Ductile: able to be pulled into wire
Have luster: are shiny
Good conductors
Lose electrons in chemical reactions

19. NONMETALS Most are gases, except Br Brittle in solid phase Dull
Poor conductors
Gain electrons in chemical reactions

20. METALLOIDS CHARACTERISTICS OF METALS CHARACTERISTICS OF NONMETALS
FALL ALONG THE JAGGED LINE

21. USING YOUR VENN DIAGRAM:
HOW ARE METALS, NONMETALS, & METALLOIDS ALIKE/DIFFERENT?