1. Washington’s Farwell Address
1796
Washington, A. Hamilton, J. Madison
Tired of public life
“I anticipate…the sweet enjoyment…of good laws under a free government, the ever favorite object of my heart.”
Washington’s Farwell Address 1
WAR 3
Political differences will weaken the nation/unity 2

3. Alexander Hamilton Loose interpretation U.S. Constitution
Economist/Lawyer
Secretary of Treasury
Federalist
Alexander Hamilton
20 yr. charter
If the US Constitution doesn’t forbid it then the national government can do it if it will benefit the nation
Loose interpretation
U.S. Constitution

4. Federalist Democratic- Republican
Political Parties
Political differences existed in part based on where and how people lived
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
Federalist
Democratic-
Republican
1796
More than one candidate ran for president
Elect people and shape politics
Divisions in political views developed during Washington’s presidency

5. Alien and Sedition Acts
1798
Congress (Adams)
“Protect the United States” during the undeclared naval war with France (“Quasi-War”)
Does this violate our first amendment rights?
Alien and Sedition Acts 1.
resident if or
power to deport 2.
Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah 2

6. Caribbean XYZ Affair Heck, NO! X Y Z Results: Standing And eventually…
1798
John Adams
Attempt to create improved relations between United States and France
Protect U.S. shipping
Sure, for $250,000 and a loan of $12 million
Heck, NO!
Will you help protect our shipping industry? X Y Z
Results:
Standing
Caribbean
And eventually…
SUCCESS!

7. Protective tariff Alexander Hamilton
Promote domestic manufacturing and business (northeast)
Higher tariffs (taxes) to raise prices of foreign goods in the United States
Protective tariff
Promote interstate commerce – buy American
Upset southerners – as they needed goods from Europe and markets in which to sell

8. Thomas Jefferson 1 2 3 4 5 Marbury v. Madison First Term:
Democratic-Republican Party
Believed in the limited power of federal government (opposed National Bank)
Strict interpretation of the Constitution (once he became President he practiced a loose interpretation of the Constitution)
Dreamt of national unity
Thomas Jefferson 2 1
First Term:
Enjoyed prosperity, lower taxes, reduced national debt
Ended Presidency with bigger government, expanded military 3 4 5
Marbury v. Madison

9. Louisiana Purchase 1. 2x 2. 3. 4. to Pacific Ocean Montana Colorado
Once Spanish territory, a secret treaty passes ownership to France
Territory includes New Orleans (mouth of Mississippi River – significant trade route) west to the Rocky Mountains
October 20, 1803
$15 million
Thomas Jefferson (sends Robert Livingston and James Monroe)
Louisiana Purchase 1. 2x 2.
Montana Colorado
North Dakota Kansas
South Dakota Oklahoma
Minnesota Missouri
Wyoming Arkansas
Nebraska Louisiana
Iowa Texas
New Mexico
Spain passes ownership of Louisiana territory to France as it can not prevent Americans from entering – unable to improve Spain’s position in North America they pass it onto France (Spain closes New Orleans – mouth of Miss. R. to Americans – preventing trade)
France (Napoleon) needed money to buy weapons and supplies to fight the British therefore sold it to the United States
Jefferson questioned his power as president, can he garner a deal to purchase new foreign lands? He too did not like to spend large sums of public money. Jefferson went through with the deal – proving that in practice he used a loose interpretation of the Constitution
US wanted this land to control both sides of the Mississippi River for trade purposes (port at New Orleans) 3. 4.
to Pacific Ocean

10. William Marbury
James Madison (secretary of state)
Strengthened the role of the judicial branch
1803
Marbury v Madison 1. 2.
judicial review: power of the Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

11. vs Embargo Act 1. 2. Results:
embargo – banning of trade
1807 – banned trade with all foreign countries
Passed to punish British and French; to protect American merchant ships from attack
Thomas Jefferson
Embargo Act 1. 2. vs
Results:
What region of the United States do you think was impacted most by suspended trade?
Great Britain and France were at war; US trading with both to remain “neutral” and make a profit
Both GB and France began seizing American ships to prevent the US from trading with the other
US passed the Embargo Act to punish both sides
Results: hurts (broken/damaged) US economy especially northern merchants, sent US into a recession, little effect on GB and France

12. War of 1812 5. N A T I O L S m N A T I V E M 1. 3. 2. 4.
James Madison
United States vs. Great Britain
(1815)
Andrew Jackson war hero
Second War of Independence
War of 1812 5. N A T I O L S m N A T I V E M 1. 3. 2. 4.
Causes:
Forcing American Sailors into GB navy (impressment)
Interference with American shipping
British helping Native Americans in the US put up resistence
Effects:
Nationalism in US (beating GB for the second time)
Am. Manufacturing increased
Native American resistance weakened
Battle of New Orleans - Andrew Jackson war hero 1815
Treaty of Ghent – signed Dec. 1814
Slow communication meant battles continued after the treaty was signed
Border disputes

13. Influence US Monroe Doctrine 1. 2. Europe
Attempt to restrain the influence of European nations in newly independent Latin American countries
Protects American interests
Policy warning European powers not to interfere with the Americas
James Monroe (John Q. Adams – Sec. of State)
December 2, 1823
Monroe Doctrine 1.
Influence 2. US
Latin American countries had just fought their revolutionaries against the Spanish. US found their rev. the same so they supported Latin American independence.
To prevent other European nations from storming the lands, James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine warning any nation that tried to colonize or influence Latin America would be perceived as a threat and the US would intervene to protect LA and US interests.
Europe

14. Ideas to make the United States economically independent from other nations (no need for foreign trade)
Promote national unity
Henry Clay (J.Q. Adams/Jackson) – 1820’s
American System 1. 2. 3.
1820’s
National Bank to provide a single currency that would promote interstate commerce
Build canals and roads to promote interstate commerce as well
All to enhance the nationalism/national unity
Northerners benefited more than southerners from the American System; protective tariffs hurt the southern economy