1. Parts of Speech
English 9

2. NOUNS
Person
Place
Thing
Idea

3. NOUNS
Common nouns—any one of a group of person, places, things, or ideas
president
day
city
Proper nouns—particular person, place, or thing—should be capitalized
Barack Obama
Saturday
Mobile

4. Nouns
Concrete nouns are things that you can experience through your five senses: sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch.
Example: Desk, chair, teacher
abstract nouns refer to ideas and concepts.
Example: love, theory, year

5. NOUNS Collective Nouns—word that names a group
People—audience, chorus, committee, crew
Animals—brood, flock, gaggle, herd
Things---assortment, batch, bundle, cluster

6. PRONOUNS Word used to take the place of a noun or another pronoun
Antecedent—word that a pronoun stands for or refers to
Example: Mr Lee raised his hand. (“His” is the pronoun and “Mr. Lee” is the antecedent because it is the word “his” is taking the place of.

7. ADJECTIVES Modifies (describes) a noun or a pronoun Answers…
What kind? A bsuiness suit *What kind of suit?
Which one? The yellow car *Which car?
How many? Two birds. *How many birds?

8. VERBS Expresses an action or a state of being Three types of verbs
Linking
Helping

9. VERBS Action verbs—express physical or mental action
Linking verbs—connects subject to word/word group that identifies or describes the subject
Helping Verbs- Helping verbs are verbs that help the main verb in a sentence by extending its meaning. They can also add detail to how time is conveyed in a sentence. As a result, helping verbs are used to create the most complicated verb tenses in English: the progressive and the perfect aspects.

10. Examples: Action: I ran to the store
Examples: Action: I ran to the store. (The subject “I” is performing an action. A mental action might be “I pondered the question.”) Linking: The store is large. (The linking verb links the subject “store” with the adjective that describes the store.) Helping: I will run to the store. (The helping verb “will” helps form the future tense of the main verb “run”)

11. ADVERBS Modifies (describes) verbs, adjectives or other adverbs
Answers…
Where? I placed the box here. (Where did I place the box?)
When? I left for the beach yesterday. (When did I leave for the beach?)
How? I moved very carefully. (How did I move?)
To what extent? The car was very damaged. (To what extent was the car damaged?)

12. -Adverbs can describe a verb: I spoke quietly in the library
-Adverbs can describe a verb: I spoke quietly in the library. (The adverb “quietly” describes the verb “spoke.”)
-Adverbs can describe an adjective: The extremely tall tree survived the hurricane. (The adverb “extremely” describes the adjective “tall.”)
-Adverbs can describe another adverb: I very quickly wrote my answer. (The adverb “very” describes the adverb “quickly)
-Most words that end in “ly” are adverbs. Ex: Quickly.

13. PREPOSITIONS
Shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word in the sentence

14. PREPOSITIONS
Come together with a noun or pronoun (object of the preposition) to form PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
Example: The pen is on the table. (“on” is the preposition, and “table” is the object of the preposition, so the prepositional phrase is “on the table.” Note: the object of the preposition is usually the first noun or pronoun after the preposition.)

15. CONJUNCTIONS Word that joins words or word groups Two types:
Coordinating—joins word or word groups that are used in the same way
Correlative—pairs of conjunctions that join words or word groups that are used in the same way

16. Coordinating Conjunctions
FANBOYS
For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So

17. Examples
Coordinating: I went to the store and I bought some milk. (The conjunction “and” combines the sentence “I went to the store” with “I bought some milk”).
Everyone but Scott was packed, but the taxi was late. (The second “but” joins “Everyone but Scott was ready” with “the taxi was late.” The first “but” is used as a preposition and is not a conjunction. You must look at how words are used in the sentence to determine their function.)

18. Correlative Conjunctions
Both…and
Not only…but also
Either…or
Neither…nor
Whether…or

19. Examples
Neither Bill nor Ted was ready for his project presentation. (Correlative conjunctions ALWAYS work in pairs, as the above example indicates).

20. INTERJECTIONS
-a word added to a sentence for the sole purpose of showing emotion. It is not grammatically necessary and is generally set off by a comma or exclamation point.
Examples: Wow! That was a great play. (“Wow” is an interjection)
I drove through the intersection and, bam, the car hit my truck.