1. The Nature of Static Electricity

2. Electric Charges
Some examples of experiences of electric charge:
Cold, dry winter day and removing your hat – hair flies up
Getting a shock from a door handle
A lightning storm
What is electric charge?
Charged particles that exert an electric force on each other

3. Electrically Charged Particles
Recall from the chemistry unit:
an element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down any further
pure substances are made of atoms
atoms are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons
Particle
Charge
Location
Proton
Positive (+)
Nucleus
Neutron
Neutral (0)
Electron
Negative (-)
Orbits
Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for nitrogen
When a substance has no charge, it is neutral.
This means that it has an equal number of positive and negative charges.
When a substance becomes charged, it gains or loses electrons.

4. When two neutral substances are rubbed together
Static Charges
gain electrons – negative charge
lose electrons – positive charge
rubbing action
When two neutral substances are rubbed together
one substance becomes positively charged by losing electrons
one substance becomes negatively charged by gaining electrons
only the electrons in the outer orbit move
protons are embedded in the nucleus and can’t move
Static charge or static electricity
the electric charge that builds up on the surface of an object
static – stays in one place – does not move

5. Electrically Charging Materials
How do atoms gain or lose electrons to become electrically charged?
one common cause of electron transfer is friction
when two objects are rubbed together, the force of friction can remove electrons from one object and cause the electrons to transfer to another

6. different substances have different abilities to hold on to electrons.
Electron Affinity
different substances have different abilities to hold on to electrons.
the tendency of a substance to hold on to the electrons is called electron affinity.
Electrostatic series
higher substances on the list lose electrons
lower substances on the list gain electrons
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