1. Match the drainage basin terms to the correct definitions!
transpiration
Water vapour is released through the stomata (pores) in the leaves
Water is stored on leaves and branches of vegetation
interception
Water flows horizontally through the rock into the river
Water is stored on leaves and branches of vegetation
throughflow
Water turns from water droplets into water vapour
Water flows horizontally through the soil into the river
Water flows vertically through the soil and rocks
Water seeps into the ground
percolation
Water flows horizontally through the soil into the river
Water seeps into the ground
infiltration
Water flows horizontally through the rock into the river
groundwater flow
Water vapour is released through the stomata (pores) in the leaves
evaporation
Water flows horizontally over the land into the river
Water turns from water droplets into water vapour
surface runoff
Water flows horizontally over the land into the river
Water flows vertically through the soil and rocks

2. Drainage basin hydrological cycle
Objective
Knowledge of the inputs, outputs and through flows within a drainage basin

3. Drainage basin Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
Boundary marked by a ridge of high ground – watershed
Open system as it forms part of hydrological cycle (hierarchy form last lesson)
3 characteristics – input, stores, output

4. Add the following labels
Watershed
River
Tributaries
Confluence
Evaporation - output
Precipitation – input
River discharge - output
Drainage Basin

5. The river basin system INPUTS STORES OUTPUTS Precipitation
Lakes, puddles.
OUTPUTS
Stream. river

6. complete this diagram – storage, inputs, transfers, outputs
The Drainage Basin
precipitation
interception
Vegetation storage
evapotranspiration
Throughfall
Stemflow
Surface Storage
infiltration
surface runoff
Soil water storage
Channel storage
throughflow
percolation
River runoff
water table
groundwater flow
Ground water storage
complete this diagram – storage, inputs, transfers, outputs

7. Use a sheet of rough paper and try to turn this into a flow chart
Use a sheet of rough paper and try to turn this into a flow chart! (keeping separate colours for inputs, outputs, stores, transfers)!
When you think you’ve got it right check with page 58 in Integrated approach then copy into your notes.

9. Inputs
Energy – sun
Precipitation – varies spatially (place) and temporally (over time)
Directly into streams & river
Onto land – groundwater flow / infiltration etc following a variety of routes to the river
Lands on vegetation – interception – may be evaporated off, stemflow, drip or throughfall

10. Outputs River channel into lake, sea etc Evapotranspiration
Evaporation - loss of moisture due to heat and air movements
Transpiration – loss of water rom plants through leaf stomata (biological process)
Remember amount of evapotranspiration is often determined by availability of water especially in the soil so deserts will be very different from Britain!

11. Stores On the surface in streams, puddles, rivers etc
In the soil (soilwater storage)
Deep below ground (below water table) as groundwater storage
On vegetation (vegetation storage)
Interception (10-29% of precip.)– water falling on vegetation shelters the area below. Greatest at start of rain event and in woodland areas. If rainfall is light or of short duration much intercepted water will be quickly evaporated. If rainfall is heavier or longer water reaches the ground via throughfall & stemflow. Affected by type of vegetation.

12. transfers Throughfall and stemflow – falling after interception
Infiltration – soil absorbs water from the surface. Maximum rate is the infiltration capacity (depends on porosity, amount of water already in the soil, the nature of the soil surface, amount of vegetation cover etc)
Surface runoff – usually in human environments but anywhere in times of very heavy rain and saturated soils

13. Throughflow – water flowing laterally through the soil
Percolation – water reaches the underlying rock layers that are more compact so downward progress is slowed creating groundwater storage. Water eventually collects above impermeable rock or fills all pore spaces to produce a zone of saturation (top of this is the water table)
Groundwater flow – water moves laterally from groundwater storage towards river

14. Tasks.
Look at the circular diagram – ensure you can follow it!
Glue in both sheets and answer the exam question
Answer questions 2 and 3 on the sheet
Glue in basin hydrological cycle diagram