1. Endocrine Notes
Biology

2. Function
Chemical “messages” (hormones) that affect body functions & development
Slower message system compared to nervous system
Hormones circulate through the circulatory system (takes longer than nervous system)

3. Body Functions Affected
Regulate…..
Mood
Blood pressure
Growth & development (Testosterone, Estrogen)

4. Hormones – Chemical messenger
Chemical messenger that targets glands or organs
Enter the bloodstream
Takes seconds to hours to respond to stimuli

5. Endocrine glands Produce & secrete chemicals/hormones
Glands are dispersed throughout the body
Near target organs

6. Major Endocrine Glands
Pituitary
Thyroid
Pineal
Hypothalamus
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

7. Pituitary Gland- “Master Gland”
Function
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones
Retains water
Controls blood pressure
Growth & Development
Sperm and egg production
Disorders
Too much growth hormones = gigantism
Too little growth hormone = dwarfism

8. Thyroid Gland Function Controls metabolism Disorders:
Too much thyroxin = hyperthyroidism
Too little thyroxin = hypothyroidism

9. Pineal Gland
Functions: Regulates body clock (Circadian rhythm)

10. Hypothalamus Gland
Function Stimulates/inhibits production of various hormones

11. Pancreas Function: Hormones = insulin and glucagon
Regulates blood glucose levels
Disorders:
Pancreas fails to produce or properly use insulin = Diabetes

12. Adrenal Gland Functions:
Release adrenaline in the body (deal with stress)
Fight or flight response
Anti-inflammatory

13. Ovaries Functions: Secretes estrogen and progesterone
(ovulation and menstruation)
Secondary sex characteristics

14. Testes Functions: Pair of reproductive glands that produces sperm
Secrete testosterone (masculine characteristics)

15. Response Pathway Nervous and Endocrine systems
You smell hot delicious food
Olfactory sensory neurons send message to thalamus
Thalamus sends message to area of brain that will identify odor & location of food
Brain tells motor neurons to fire muscle movement towards food
While you are moving toward food, your hypothalamus checks your hunger level
If hungry your brain sends a message to stimulate production of specific hormones involved in digestion
Gets your body ready to digest food

16. Feedback Loops Encourage or inhibits (stops) something from happening
Feedback loops = the product from the initial signal encourages of inhibits an event
The level of one substance influences the level of another substance

17. Feedback loops
Two Types
Negative (inhibits)
Positive (encourages)

18. Negative Feedback Product released turns off (inhibits) the process
Example = temperature control
Hypothalamus monitors body temperature
Senses abnormal temperature = stimulate sweat of shivering
Once the normal range is reached the hypothalamus stops the response

19. Positive Feedback Product released encourages (continues) the process
Example = childbirth
Oxytocin (hormone) is released during labor
Oxytocin intensifies the contractions
Contractions stimulate more oxytocin to be released