1. Population Pyramids and Population Growth

2. Key terminology
Demographic transition model: a graph attempting to explain how a country’s population characteristics change as the level of wellbeing in a country improves over time.
Ageing population: an increase in the number and percentage of people in the older age groups (usually 60 years and over).
Dependent population: those in the under 15 years and over 60 years age groups. People in these age groups are dependent on those in the working age groups, either directly or indirectly for support.
Population structure: the number of percentage of males and females in a particular age group.
Replacement Rate: The number of children each woman in a MEDC would need to have to keep the population stable (neither grow, nor shrink). 2.1 is the actual replacement rate.
Natural Population Growth: birth rate – death rate = natural population growth (immigration/emigration is not part of this)

3. Demographic transition model

4. Demographic transition model
Which stage of the demographic transition model do these statements fall into:
1. Politicians worry more about the ’oldies’ vote.
2. A worldwide immunization programme eradicates a disease responsible for the death of millions.
3. Governments introduce tax incentives for families who have more than two children.
4. The immigration of skilled workers and their families is encouraged.
5. Grandparents are rare.

5. Population concerns
What issues exist for countries in Stage 2 and 3 of the demographic transition model?
What issues exist for countries in Stage 4 and 5 of the demographic transition model?
If a country reaches Stage 5 of the demographic transition model is it likely to stay there? Why?