1. Centripetal Forces Promoting State Cohesion Nationalism
Unifying Institutions
Organization and Administration
Transportation and communication
Supranationalism

2. Centrifugal Forces Challenges to state authority Less nationalism
Devolution and regionalism
Peripheral location
Social and economic inequality

3. Devolution
Giving up of power by the central or federal government to the different regions of the country
The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government
Devolutionary pressures result in increased autonomy for a region. If strong enough, these devolutionary pressures may result in complete balkanization

4. Causes of Devolution Ethnocultural Devolutionary Movements
Eastern Europe—devolutionary forces since the fall of communism
Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
Belgium

5. Causes of Devolution Economic Devolutionary Movements
Catalonia, Spain—Barcelona is the center of commerce and banking in Spain and is much wealthier than the rest of Spain. Produces 25%-40% of exports
Tribes in the Amazon—extraction of resources and development of rainforest without benefiting and being a part of decision making
Scotland—revenues from oil fueling (ha) talk of independence

6. Causes of Devolution Spatial Devolutionary Movements
Remote, isolated places, topography, and invasions
Islands separate from mainland (Corsica, Taiwan, Puerto Rico)
Hawaii—indigenous population demand autonomy

7. Devolution What happens or changes after Devolution? new state formed
more power to regions
religious revival
language revival
economic instability
mass migration (refugees, emigration)

8. Supranationalism
A separate entity composed of 3 or more states that form an association and administrative structure for mutual benefit in pursuit of shared goals
2 or more sovereign states align together for a common purpose.
Purposes are
trade alliances
military cooperation
Diplomacy
At least 60 supra. orgs.
today

9. Supranationalism What happens or changes from Supranationalism?
Larger market (greater trade, free trade, great economic prosperity)
Greater international influence (greater political/economic power)
Open borders - for workers, tourists
Common currency
Common policy (about resources, agriculture, trade, military)

10. Supranational Organizations
UN (1945)
193 members, cooperate with internationally approved standards, provide aid for poverty, peacekeeping operations, human rights, refugees, etc.
NATO (1949)
Mutual defense of member states as a response to the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War
EU (1993)
Political and economic integration of members
NAFTA (1994)
Free trade among members