1. Ideas for Reform HSCE 6.3.2Ch. 8 sec. 4
*Due to massive amounts of immigrants, social, economic, and political conditions were poor in the cities…..
*WCTU—Women’s Christian Temperance Union—anti-alcohol group….wanted to reform drinking laws
--not everyone agreed w/ the WCTU = conflict
*Charity movements based on social conscientiousness or religious feelings.

2. The Charity Organization Movement…..
*Charity Organization Society---gave $$ to poor immigrants, but expected them to adopt to American way of middle-class child raising, cooking, cleaning, and living….some immigrants did not like this.
*Social Gospel Movement s-18190s—urban churches tried to help the immigrants reform their drinking, gambling, & other behaviors…focused on gospel ideals of charity & justice.
--worked for labor reform and better living conditions
*The Settlement Movement---reformers moved into a house in a poor neighborhood…..called it a settlement house….
--community center w/ social services

3. --By 1910—there were over 400 settlement houses in poor neighborhoods in America---most supported by donations and volunteers
--college grads & women excluded from other professions worked in houses.
*Sociology develops---describes the study of how people interact w/ one another in a society.
--studied cultures around the world and how industrialization & urbanization affected society.
*Many people linked problems of cities to new immigrants….
--hoped to control how many immigrants come into the country.
*Nativism---favoring native-born Americans over immigrants
--targeted Asians, Catholics
--called for teaching only English in school and American culture
--Wanted to END immigration to the U.S.

4. Reform, reform, reform…
*Big business becomes a target for reformers
--horrible working conditions
--abusing the workers
***UNFAIR business tactics
**All that led to the U.S. govt. regulation of big business…

5. *Temperance movement----banning of alcohol
--WCTU & Anti-Saloon League wanted prohibition---ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
--Carry Nation---famous activist that smashed bars in Kansas w/ an axe.

6. *Saloons were also the meeting places of corrupt political bosses = links to immoral activities
*Vice---immoral or corrupt behavior soon spread to suburbs
--”purity crusaders” soon led reforms to outlaw vice.
--attacked urban political machines
--fought corrupt police forces
--purity crusaders ran for public office
--however, political machines were hard to defeat