1. Bonding, Polarity, Solubility

2. Bonding
Let’s recap a few different types of molecules

3. Bonding Ionic Strong attraction between metal and non- metal
Bond formed between (+) ion and (-) ion

4. Ionic Bond

5. Bonding Covalent (non-polar) Weaker bonds between non-metals
Equal sharing of electrons between atoms

6. Covalent Bond

7. Bonding Covalent (polar) Weaker/medium bonds between nonmetals
Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
What causes this unequal sharing? What causes polarity?

8. Polarity Electronegativity is an atom’s ability attract electrons
If 2 atoms bond together, and one is more electronegative than the other, the shared electrons will be pulled toward it
This results in one side of the molecule being more negative, and the other side being more positive (THIS IS POLARITY)

9. Polarity Determining electronegativity:
Look up value (ranges from 0 to 4) in textbook (pg. 303)
Trend: increases across a period, decreases down a row

10. Polarity
Small (0-0.4) differences in electronegativity, covalent non-polar
H—H or C—H
Large (over 1.8) differences in electronegativity, ionic
O—H
In between ( ), covalent polar
K—Cl

11. Polarity
Water as a polar molecule…

13. Solubility
If “like dissolves like” then we can predict what substances will be soluble in water

14. Solubility
Water, being polar itself, will dissolve substances that are polar
Let’s look at 2 examples…

15. Solubility
Sugar (C6H12O6) in water
Yes, it dissolves

16. Solubility Salt (NaCl) in water
Yes, it dissolves, but it even dissociates, too