1. Ionization energy The amount of energy it takes to remove an electron
Highest with noble gases (most stable)
Smallest with alkali metals (least stable)

2. Ions An atom with a positive or negative charge
An atom with a different number of electrons then protons
Gaining or losing electrons in order to increase stability (octet rule)
Octet rule- atoms can’t have more than eight valence electrons (most stable with 8 valence electrons)

3. Anion An atom gaining electrons and gaining a negative charge. Ex Cl-
Gains one electron and negative one charge
B3-
Gains three electrons and a negative three charge

4. Cation
An atom losing electrons and losing a negative charge to become positive. Ex
Mg2+
Loses two electrons and negative charge to become a positive two charge
Al3+
Loses three electrons and negative charge to become a positive three charge

5. Predicting ion Use octet rule
If less than 4 valence electrons losing electrons and negative charge to become positive
If more than 4 valence electrons gaining electrons and negative charge

6. Predicting Ions What Ion will Sodium form?
How many valence electrons does the element have?
1 valence electron
Is it going to lose or gain electrons?
Lose electrons
How many electrons does it lose or gain?
Lose 1 electron
What ion is formed?
Na1+

7. Predicting Ions What Ion will Oxygen form?
How many valence electrons does the element have?
6 valence electron
Is it going to lose or gain electrons?
Gain electrons
How many electrons does it lose or gain?
Gain 2 electron
What ion is formed?
O2-

8. White Board activity
Don’t raise your white board until teacher tells you too
Include charge and chemical symbol
Once your finish check your answer with your neighbor

9. Example #1
What ion does Potassium form?
K1+

10. Example #2
What ion does Bromine form?
Br1-

11. Example #3
What ion does Indium form?
In3+

12. Example #4
What ion does Selenium form?
Se2-

13. Example #5
What ion does Strontium form?
Sr2+

14. Example #6
What ion does Thallium form?
Tl3+

15. Example #7
What ion does Arsenic form?
As3-

16. Example #8
What ion does Hydrogen form?
H1+