1. Triangular Trade

2. 17th +18th Century (years?) Europe has mercantile policy
Gold + silver (in country) NOT purchase manufactured goods/food- foreign
Solution:
encourage manufacturing (subsidies/monopolies)
develop shipping
colonies existed as raw materials + markets

3. Navigation Acts 1651
During English Civil War ( ) Dutch ruled colonial trade
England recovers Parliament said “all goods imported” MUST
Arrive in English ships
Majority crew English

4. Parliament 1660 revision of Navigation Acts
¾ crew English
Specific goods shipped only- tobacco, cotton, indigo, sugar…hemp, fur
1663 revision- shipped directly to England
Tax -AKA-
Routed to another colony- Captain pay bond pre-departure (before sailing)

5. 1676 ENFORCEMENT of Navigation Acts
Edward Randolph sent to Boston
Massachusetts said “the legislative power is and abides in them solely to act and make laws”
…taxation without representation…
Dominion of New England
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Conneticut, Rhode Island, NY, Pennsylvania, New Jersey under punishment
King James II dies (Magna Carta 1215/Absolute Monarchy)- Colonies return to unenforced Navigation Acts

6. The crackdown William and Mary + Parliament 1696
“writes of assistance”- general search warrant
Strict judgement in Admiralty Courts
1725 “salutary neglect”
Colonies built and operated ships
Legal trade with Britain (import manufactured goods- export citrus fruit)
+ West Indies (export fish, livestock, flour, lumber
Illegal trade with France, Spain, Portugal, Holland

7. Life in trade Visit 3+ ports Gone for 1 year+
Allowed colonies to get manufactured goods without having to spend “currency” which was limited