1. States of Matter and Phase Changes

2. Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume
Particles are fixed in position (They vibrate)
Least energy (Slowest moving particles)
Particles are closest together

3. Liquid Indefinite Shape (Takes shape of container) Definite Volume
Particles are close together but have enough energy to slide past each other
Intermediate energy (Particles move faster than in a solid)

4. Gas Indefinite Shape (Takes shape of container)
Indefinite Volume (Particles fill the entire container)
Particles are constantly moving
Lots of energy (Particles move faster than those in liquids)

5. Plasma Super hot and gas-like
Can conduct electricity (made of negatively and positively charged particles)
Most common state in Universe (stars contain lots of plasma)
Most energetic (fastest moving particles)
Found in Lightning, Fire, Auroras, Gas Lights

7. THINK!!
What are the 4 different states of matter and how do they differ with respect to shape and volume??

8. Terms to Know Endothermic Exothermic
Process that absorbs energy (heat) from the surroundings
Feels cold
Exothermic
Process that releases energy (heat) to the surroundings
Feels warm

9. THINK!!
What is the difference between an endothermic process and an exothermic process?

10. Changes in States Gases and Liquids Liquids and Solids
Vaporization = liquid to gas = endothermic
Condensation = gas to liquid = exothermic
Liquids and Solids
Melting = solid to liquid = endothermic
Freezing = liquid to solid = exothermic
Gases and Solids
Sublimation = solid to gas = endothermic
Deposition = gas to solid = exothermic
Plasma and Gases
Ionization = gas to plasma = endothermic
Deionization = plasma to gas = exothermic

11. Phase Change Graph
Used to show energy and temperature needed to change the phase of a specific substance
Slanted lines go with a single phase
Solid, liquid, or gas
Horizontal lines go with a phase change (two phases are present at the same time like having a glass of ice water)
Freezing, melting, etc.
Temperature doesn’t change during a phase change.

12. Phase Change Graphs and Energy Changes
--Slanted lines indicate a change in temperature, therefore Kinetic Energy (Ek) is changing (increasing or decreasing). --Horizontal lines indicate no change in temperature, so Ek remains constant. However, energy is still being added or removed so from the system. Therefore, Potential Energy (Ep) must be changing (decreasing if a cooling graph where heat is removed, increasing if a heating graph where heat is added).

14. Why doesn’t the temperature change during that time?
THINK!!
How many states of matter are present for a horizontal line on a phase change graph? ______
Why doesn’t the temperature change during that time?
How many states of matter are present for a slanted line on a phase change graph? _______

15. Exit Ticket Questions 13 - 16

16. 13. Which state of matter has a definite volume, but not shape?
A. solid
B. liquid
C. gas
D. plasma

17. 14. The particles in a solid move ___.
A. slower than particles in a liquid
B. faster than particles in a liquid
C. the same speed as particles in a liquid
D. at the speed of light

18. 15. The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called ___.
A. condensation
B. freezing
C. vaporization
D. melting

19. 16. In order for a substance to go from a gas to a liquid, heat energy must be ___.
A. Added (absorbed)
B. Subtracted (released)
C. kept the same
D. none of the above