1. The Calvin Cycle
Chemiosmosis
ADP + P
ATP formed

2. Why does a plant need water??
The water that a plant uses for photosynthesis is broken down into Hydrogen ions (H+), electrons & Oxygen
The e- are used to replace the ones that leave from the first chlorophyll molecules in PSII
The oxygen is released as a waste product

3. The process of breaking water down is called hydrolysis
4H e- + O2
Hydrolysis
Breakdown of water
4 H+
(protons)
Replaces
e- lost in
PSII
4 e-
2 Oxygen
Waste
product

4. STEP 2: The Calvin Cycle
The first step all took place IN the thylakoid
The second step happens OUTSIDE the thylakoid but still inside the chloroplast

5. The Calvin Cycle is a carbon fixation cycle
This means that plants take CO2 from the air and turn it into carbohydrates for themselves & other organisms to use for food
Most of a plant is made up of carbon
This carbon comes from the air!!

6. 3CO2 enter the reaction 9 ATP are used 6 NADPH are used
The Calvin Cycle
3CO2 enter the reaction
9 ATP are used
6 NADPH are used
1 carbohydrate is made
3 CO2
enter
9 ATP
used
6 NADPH
used
1 Carbohydrate
made

7. Compare/Contrast the two steps of Photosynthesis
Step 1: PSII & PSI
Sunlight & water
Step 2: Calvin Cycle
CO2
Happens in the thylakoid
Happens INSIDE the chloroplast, but not in the thylakoid
Makes energy (chemiosmosis, PSI)
Makes carbohydrates (food)

8. Overview of photosynthesis
Plants take in CO2, water & sunlight
Plants give off Oxygen as a waste product of photosynthesis
Plants use the carbon from the CO2 to make carbohydrates
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy -----> C6H12O O2