1. November 7, 2007
Set up a new assignment sheet on Page 18. Copy the daily objective from the main board and the assignment from the homework board.
Set up a new Table of Contents on Page 19

2. Set Up Page 21: Cell Reproduction Notes (Eukaryotes)
Chromosome long strand of DNA that has many genes located on it
Chromatids two identical pieces of DNA connected to one another at a centromere
Mitosis process cells use for reproduction, growth and repair
Inter-phase
Pro-phase
Meta-phase
Ana-phase
Telo-phase
Description
Diagram

3. Mitosis and Cancer
Today you will learn about the process of mitosis(normal cell division) and what can happen if the cell cycle becomes mutated (abnormal cell division).

4. Abnormal Cell Growth

5. Abnormal Cell Growth

6. Abnormal Cell Growth-Nerve Tumors

7. A Large Abdominal Tumor

8. Surgical Removal of Tumor

9. Body without Tumor

10. MITOSIS

11. Why do cells divide?
Reproduction
Growth
Repair

12. MITOSIS
nuclear division
number of chromosomes remains the same

14. Interphase
technically not part of mitosis, but it is included in the cell cycle
cell is in a resting phase
performing cell functions
DNA replicates (copies)
organelles double in number, to prepare for division

15. Interphase G1 - (Growth 1) S - (Synthesis) - DNA copies
G2 - (Growth 2) - cell prepares for division

16. Interphase (inter = between)
The "holding" stage or the stage between two successive cell divisions. ~90 percent of a cell's time in the normal cellular cycle may be spent in interphase.

17. Prophase (pro=primary,first)
In prophase, the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down and spindles form at opposite "poles" of the cell.

18. What is chromatin?
When a cell is "resting" i.e. not dividing, the chromosomes are organized into an entangled structure called chromatin

19. Prophase Key Events Chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes
In animals, centrioles begin to migrate to opposite poles
Spindle forms

20. Metaphase (meta is like middle)
In metaphase, the chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate (the middle of the cell).

21. Anaphase ana=upward,back
The centromeres divide and the paired chromosomes (sister chromatids) move to opposite ends of the cell.

23. Telophase (telo=end)
In this last stage, two distinct daughter cells are formed after the chomatids have migrated to the opposite poles. Cytokinesis is also occurring at this time.

24. Cytyokinesis Cyto =cell Kinesis=movement
The cell’s cytoplasm divides at the end of telophase
Animals - cell pinches inward
Plants - a new cell wall forms between the new cells

26. Results of Mitosis The cell is the most basic unit of organization
In animals…
cells-->tissue-->organs-->organ systems
-->organisms

27. The Cell Cycle
Proteins called cyclins and enzymes that attach to the cyclins and become activated control the cell cycle

28. Cancer Occasionally, cells lose control of the cell cycle
This results from:
failure to produce certain enzymes,
the overproduction of enzymes
Or the production of enzymes at the wrong time.

29. Cancer
Cancer is a malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division
Malignant =dangerous to health; marked by uncontrolled growth

30. Tumors Tumors are abnormal growth of cells
Benign tumors are non cancerous and and only grow locally
Malignant tumors are cancerous and spread to other areas of the body

31. Cancer Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S.
Lung, colon, breast, and prostate cancers are the most prevalent types

32. Causes of cancer Genetics Environmental Factors Cigarette smoke
Air and water pollution
Exposure to UV radiation
However, there are still unknown causes and researchers are working to discover these factors.

33. Cancer prevention Healthy Lifestyle Low fat, high fiber diet Exercise
Not smoking
Taking daily vitamins and minerals
Carotenoids, Vitamins A, C, E, and calcium

34. Cancer
Cancer is difficult to treat in later stages because the cancer may have spread to vital organs and damaged them beyond repair.
Today we will see a short video that shows how widespread cancer can affect the body.