1. Mutations
The fat cat sad

2. Point Mutation
ONLY 1 Base is either INSERTED or DELETED from the mRNA sequence.
ORIGINAL
5’ – AGGUAACAUUCC – 3’
INSERTION
5’ – AGGUAAACAUUCC – 3’
DELETION

3. Frameshift Mutation POINT mutations lead to FRAMESHIFT mutations.
The READING frame shifts or moves to a different set of 3 bases (CODON)
5’ – AGGUAACAUUCC – 3’
5’ – AGGUAAACAUUCC – 3’

4. Frameshift Mutation Cont.
Frameshifts are when there is an INSERTION or DELETION of bases that are NOT DIVISABLE by 3.
ORIGINAL: 5’ – AGGUAACAUUCC – 3’
If I insert 2 bases, do I have a frame shift?
5’ – AGGUCAAACAUUCC – 3’
If I delete 6 bases, do I have a frame shift?
5’ – AGGUAACAUUCC – 3’

5. Mutagens cause Mutations
A substance (chemical or physical), exposure to which increases the likelihood of mutation.
Examples?