1. Introduction to Maternal And child health nursing
Anuradha Perera (B.Sc.N)special
University of Sri Jayewardebnepura

2. Objectives

3. The Evolution of the Maternal and New Born nursing
Up to 1900s – Pregnant women received no prenatal care
Birth occurred – Birth occurred at home usually attended by a midwife
These Midwives are not formally trained
Physicians were attended only in complicated situations

4. Family approach to the health Care
Family – Two or more people living in the same household, Sharing the common emotional bonds, and providing for the basic needs of life.
Parent – Person establishing a parent-child relationship by caring the child by providing the physical, Social and emotional requirements necessary for normal growth and development.

5. Common obstetric terminology
Antepartum
EDD-
Gestation
Gravida
Multigravida
Multipara
Nuligravida
Nagele’s rule

6. Common obstetric terminology contd…
Para-
Primigravida-
Pimipara-
LRMP

7. Pregnancy
The average length of pregnancy is 280 days or 40 weeks. Pregnancy is considered as 3 trimesters of 03 calendar months each.
If the fetus is born after 20 weeks but prior completion of the 37th week ,the fetus is called a premature infant.
One born after 42 weeks of gestation is called post mature infant.

8. Signs of pregnancy
The sighs of pregnancy are a group of symptoms and observations that leads to the positive diagnosis of pregnancy.
Presumptive signs (Early but unreliable, generaly subjective)
Probable signs( Stronger but still not reliable, generally objective)
Positive signs (definitive)

9. 01 Presumptive signs Ammenorrhea Nausea & Vomiting (morning sickness)
Urinary frequency (1&3)
Breast changes
Enlarged
Tender
Tingling sensation
Areola widening
Veins beneath becomes more visible

10. 01 Presumptive signs contd
Fatigue
Quickening
(16th to 20th week)

11. 2 Probable sings
Heagar’s sign – Softening of the lower uterine segment that can be felt in during Vaginal examination
Goodell’s sign – Softening of the cervix
Chadwick’s sign – The mucous membranes of the cervix, vagina and vulva become bluish
Abdominal enlargement
Braxton hicks contractions –irregular, painless contractions of the uterus

12. 2 Probable sings contd….
Ballottement- during 4th-5th month, a gentle push or tap of the uterus will cause the fetus to float away and then rebound, touching the clinician’s hand
Palpable fetal outline
Skin pigmentation changes
Linea Niagra
Cholasma
Striae gravidarum

13. Positive pregnancy tests
HCG
Urine
Blood

14. 3 positive sings
FHS
Fetal movements felt by examiner
Ultrsound

15. Physiological changes during pregnancy
Reproductive system
Uterus
Vagina
Breasts
Respiratory system
Cardiovascular system
GIT
Urinary system

16. Physiological changes during pregnancy
Integumentary system
vascular markings
Pigmentation changes
Stiae gravidrum
Acene
Hair growth
Muscular skeletal system

17. Physiological changes during pregnancy contd..
Metabolic changes
Endocrine system

18. What are the psychological changes during pregnancy?

19. THANK YOU