1. Ecological Levels of Organization

2. Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism

3. Food Chain vs. Food Web Food chain Food web
(just 1 path of energy) (all possible energy paths)

4. Lions and Warthogs Watch the video:
In your notes, draw a food chain to represent the transfer of energy observed.
(2 minutes)

5. Feeding Relationships
Watch the video: Predator – Prey In your notes, draw a food web to represent the transfer of energy observed. (3 min)
How do they trap the sun’s energy? Through what process? What is that process similar to in animal cells?

6. Example of Food Web

7. Example of Food Web

8. Types of Heterotrophs
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore—eats only plants
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore
Decomposer

9. Types of Heterotrophs
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore
Carnivore—eats other animals
Omnivore
Detritivore
Decomposer

10. Types of Heterotrophs
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore—eats BOTH plants and animals
Detritivore
Decomposer

11. Types of Heterotrophs
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore—eats dead plants and animals
Decomposer

12. Types of Heterotrophs
Differ in the type of organism they consume to obtain their energy
Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
Detritivore
Decomposer—eats dead plants and animals AND breaks down dead organic matter and returns it to the environment

13. Detritus Detrivores and decomposers eat detritus
Dead or decaying organic material

14. We are going to look at 3 pyramids:
Energy Pyramid
Biomass Pyramid
Pyramid of Numbers

15. Energy Pyramids
The energy in each trophic level can be visualized as an energy pyramid.

16. Energy Pyramid Why is only 10 % passed to the next trophic level?
Each trophic level is represented by a block.
Lowest trophic level (producers) on the bottom.
Energy stored by the organisms at each trophic level is about one-tenth the energy stored by the organism in the level below.
10% of energy moves to the next tropic level.
Why is only 10 % passed to the next trophic level?
The other 90% is used in metabolism or lost to the atmosphere as heat.

17. Heat Heat Heat 90% 90% 90% Snake (tertiary consumer)
Rat (secondary consumer)
90%
Heat
Grasshopper (primary consumer)
Grass (producer)

18. Which of these options could feed more people?
And less energy is “lost” in the process!

19. Nitrogen Cycle

20. Processes of The Nitrogen Cycle
Ammonification
Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrification
Assimilation
Denitrification
Find them on your Nitrogen Cycle Diagram on pg. 6!

21. BACTERIA are the most important facilitators of the nitrogen cycle!

22. The Carbon Cycle CO2 returns to the air or water in three ways:
Cellular Respiration
-using oxygen to break down food
Combustion
-burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
Erosion
-limestone from sediment of decayed shells erodes releasing carbon.

23. Symbiotic Relationships
MUTUALISM [ | ]
COMMENSALISM [ | ]
PARASITISM [ | ]
PREDATION [ | ]

24. Symbiotic Relationships
Why is there not a symbiotic relationship with 2 frowny faces (where both organisms are harmed?)
MUTUALISM
Occurs when both organisms benefit.
COMMENSALISM
Occurs when one organism benefits and the other organism neither benefits or is harmed.
PARASITISM
Occurs when one organism (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed.
PREDATION
Occurs when one organism (the predator) hunts another organism (the prey) for food.
Competition: Were two organism compete for some type of resource.