1. Hormones

2. Hormones Complete the table
Gland
Hormone
Effects
Pituitary
ADH
Oxytoxin
Prolactin
Stimulates milk production after birth
Thyroid
Thyroxine
Fight and flight hormone. Prepares the body for handling difficult or dangerous situation
Pancreas
Insulin
Converts glycogen to glucose
Gonad
Oestrogen
Ovary
progesterone
Maintains uterus lining during pregnancy
Testes
Promotes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics

3. Hormones Gland Hormone Effects Pituitary ADH
Increase in water re absorbtion in kidneys
Oxytoxin
Causes contraction of uterus during birth
Prolactin
Stimulates milk production after birth
Thyroid
Thyroxine
Increases general rate of metabolism and stimulates growth
Adrenal gland
Adrenaline
Fight and flight hormone. Prepares the body for handling difficult or dangerous situation
Pancreas
Insulin
Converts glucose to glycogen
glucagon
Converts glycogen to glucose
Gonad
Oestrogen
Secondary sexual characteristics of females, ovulation
Ovary
progesterone
Maintains uterus lining during pregnancy
Testes
testosterone
Promotes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics

4. Adrenaline Produced by adrenal glands, one above each kidney
It has 2 regions:
(Outer)Adrenal cortex-produces a no: of hormones called corticosteroids. There is no nervous supply.
Adrenal medulla- receives nerves from brain and produces the hormone adrenaline.
It is a short lived hormone and is converted by liver into less active compounds which is excreted by the kidneys.

5. Effect of Adrenaline complete the table
Brain
Causes ‘instructions’ to be sent out to increase breathing rate and depth
Increased supply of oxygen & removal of carbondioxide
Heart
Rapid delivery of essential substances to muscles eg.glucose
Blood supply to skin
Blood to skin is not urgently needed so can be diverted
Blood supply to gut
Reduced
Gut muscles
Causes muscles to relax
Digestion is not urgent and can be temporarily stopped
Liver
Increased conversion of glucose to glycogen
Fat deposists
Increased conversion of fats to fatty acids
Fatty acids are needed for muscle contraction
Iris of eye
Pupil increases in size

6. Effect of Adrenaline Brain
Causes ‘instructions’ to be sent out to increase breathing rate and depth
Increased supply of oxygen & removal of carbondioxide
Heart
pacemaker makes heart beat faster
Rapid delivery of essential substances to muscles eg.glucose
Blood supply to skin
Reduced
Blood to skin is not urgently needed so can be diverted
Blood supply to gut
Blood to gut is not urgently needed so can be diverted
Gut muscles
Causes muscles to relax
Digestion is not urgent and can be temporarily stopped
Liver
Increased conversion of glucose to glycogen
Glucose is needed for respiration in body muscles
Fat deposists
Increased conversion of fats to fatty acids
Fatty acids are needed for muscle contraction
Iris of eye
Pupil increases in size
More light enters eye to improve vision.

7. Compare Nervous and Endocrine system
comparison
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Message
Hormones
Route
Blood system
Method of transmission
Electrical impulses and chemicals (neurotransmitters)
Transmission rate
Slower, depends on circulation
Origin of message
Receptor(sense organ)
Destination of message
Effector (muscle)
Speed and duration of effect
Delayed, prolonged

8. Compare Nervous and Endocrine system
comparison
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Message
Nerve impulse
Hormones
Route
Blood system
Method of transmission
Electrical impulses and chemicals (neurotransmitters)
Chemicals(hormones)
Transmission rate
Rapid
Slower, depends on circulation
Origin of message
Receptor(sense organ)
Endocrine gland
Destination of message
Effector (muscle)
Target organ or organs
Speed and duration of effect
Immediate, brief
Delayed, prolonged