1. The cells of all living things need energy to do work.
RESPIRATION
The cells of all living things need energy to do work.
The process by which mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP is called...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION

2. How does cellular respiration work
How does cellular respiration work? Cells take energy, such as that in the chemical bonds in food, and incorporate it into the chemical bonds of ATP.

3. Where does this take place?
in the mitochondria of the cell!

4. The chemical equation for respiration is… C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

5. What did you digest today???
Who remembers the difference between a heterotroph and an autotroph? (Look at your notes on photosynthesis!!)
In heterotrophs, large food molecules are broken down into smaller ones, such as glucose, in a process called digestion.
What did you digest today???

6. After digestion has occurred in heterotrophs, molecules of glucose and other simple substances enter the cells.

7. In autotrophs, food is already in its usable form, glucose.

8. These glucose molecules are the fuel for cellular respiration.
During cellular respiration, glucose molecules are broken down to release energy.
This energy is used to produce…
the energy-rich molecules of ATP!!!

9. Glycolysis
This is the first step for BOTH of the 2 main types of respiration -
aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

10. Glycolysis
C6H12O6 is broken down into two 3-C molecules of a substance called pyruvic acid.
This occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
It does NOT require oxygen (anaerobic process).
It provides 2 molecules of ATP in addition to the pyruvic acid.

11. Fermentation
A. This type of respiration allows cells to carry out energy production in the absence of oxygen.
The function of fermentation is to break down pyruvic acid (formed in glycolysis) and regenerate NAD for reuse in glycolysis, where ATP is formed.

12. Glycolysis + Fermentation = Anaerobic Respiration
B. The combination of glycolysis and fermentation is called anaerobic respiration.
Glycolysis + Fermentation = Anaerobic Respiration

13. C. There are two types of fermentation - lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
1. Lactic acid fermentation occurs when oxygen is in short supply so the hydrogen atoms bond with pyruvic acid to produce lactic acid.

14. C. There are two types of fermentation - lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
2. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in some plant cells and other microorganisms such as yeast. In this process the H bonds with pyruvic acid to produce ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. The CO2 is produced as the pyruvic acid is changed to alcohol.