1. Topic 7

2. Label the three parts of a nucleotide to the right
Label the three parts of a nucleotide to the right. *phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

3. DNA has _2_ strands and the bases _Adenine, _T hymine, _Cytosine, and _Guanine.

4. RNA has __1__ strand and the base _Uracil instead of thymine.

5. What are the functions of
mRNA? carries the transcripted message from DNA to the ribosome to make proteins tRNA? brings the amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis rRNA? a component of the ribosome and the site of protein synthesis

6. What are the three different processes that nucleic acids can do?
Replication
Transcription
translation

7. What happens during replication?
DNA polymerase adds new bases to each DNA strand following base pairing rules; two new strands are formed with one old and one new strand.

8. What happens during transcription?
mRNA is made using a DNA strand as a template (occurs in nucleus)

9. What does AUG code for?
__methionine__

10. What do UGA, UAA, and UAG code for?
__STOP__

11. What happens during translation?
(occurs in cytoplasm) mRNA codons match up with anticodons of tRNA that carry amino acids

12. What is the biology definition of a mutation?
heritable change in genetic information

13. What happens during
Substitution mutation – one base changed to a different base
Insertion point mutation – one base inserted into DNA sequence
Deletion point mutation – one base deleted from a DNA sequence
Duplication chromosomal mutation – produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome
Deletion chromosomal mutation – the loss of all or part of a chromosome
Inversion chromosomal mutation – reverses the direction of all or part of a chromosome
Translocation chromosomal mutation – part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

14. Topic 8

15. Write down the levels of ecosystem organization from smallest to largest individual organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

16. Autotrophs (producers)_ make their own food, while __heterotrophs (consumers)____ eat other organisms for food.

17. When you move up an energy pyramid, the amount of available energy (circle one) ↑ ↓ decreases

18. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
Food Chain a linear model that shows the flow of energy from one organism to another
Food web a model of interconnected food chains that shows the flow of energy between organisms

19. What is the difference between abiotic and biotic factors?
abiotic a nonliving thing in an ecosystem (ex. Water, wind, temperature, rock)
Biotic a living thing in an ecosystem (ex. Tree, insect, animal)

20. Explain the following organisms interactions
Competition when two organisms or species compete for limited resources in the same environment
Predation when one organism captures & feeds upon other organisms
Symbiosis
Mutualism: a relationship where both organisms benefit
Commensalism: a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefitted by the relationship
Parasitism: an organism lives on or in another organism relying on it for food, one benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)

21. Endemic species are those that are naturally found in a location, while Non-native species are accidentally or purposefully introduced to a new area.

22. Explain the difference between
Threatened: decrease in number, could become endangered if no action is take
Endangered: population is dropping or declining; organisms may become extinct
Extinct: when a species completely disappears from its area of the planet

23. What is succession?
a series of predictable sequential changes in an ecosystem over time