1. GUM #1 Introductory phrases and clauses + more Using
“My Girl” by The Temptations

2. Grammar Lesson:
GUM #1 A
Introductory words (transitions & names) and Introductory clauses (dependent clauses) need commas after them IF they appear before the independent clause in the sentence.
An independent clause will have a subject (normally a noun) and predicate (a verb) and will be a complete thought.
Examples:
Independent clause (complete sentence)
Subject in blue, predicate in green, and completion of the thought is underlined.
I like to listen to loud music.
Introductory clauses (dependent clauses) (fragments)
These will most likely begin with prepositions or adverbs such as:
although, when, because, though, after, before, if, until, etc.
Before you play that song, [understood you] please tell me the artist.
Though I’ve never heard of him, I like his sound.
Note: If these phrases come AFTER the independent clause, they do not need a comma.
[Understood You] Please tell me the artist before you play that song.
I like his sound though I’ve never heard of him.
Introductory words/Transitions
Bill, will you please play that song again?
Furthermore, I would like a higher volume.

3. When it’s cold outside, I’ve got the month of May.
GUM #1 B
Link to song
When it’s cold outside, I’ve got the month of May.
#1 Why does “outside” have a comma after it?
#1 It is an introductory clause and it appears before the independent clause.
#2 What is the independent clause in this sentence? (UNDERLINE IT)
What makes this a well-written sentence?

4. 1. Transform this sentence into a correct sentence.
GUM #1 C
Link to song
Well I guess you’d say that my girl makes me feel this way, even if it’s a cloudy day.
Correct: Well, I guess you would say that my girl makes me feel this way even if it’s a cloudy day.
Grammar Rule: You must add commas after introductory clauses and words IF they are in front of the independent clause.
Compound: Well, I guess you would say that my girl makes me feel this way even if it’s a cloudy day, so please don’t take my sunshine away.
1. Transform this sentence into a correct sentence.
2. After correcting the sentence, add a comma conjunction plus another COMPLETE sentence to the end of this corrected sentence to transform it into a compound/complex sentence.

5. GUM #1 D
Link to song
Read the article, “Sunshine & Happiness Study Links Time Outdoors to Improved Mood” from The Huffington Post.
1. Copy at least one introductory clause or word from the article into your notebook.
2. Summarize one paragraph of the article by using one introductory clause or word correctly. Copy this into your notebook.
Hint: Paragraphs 3 and 8

6. GUM #1 E
Whenever I’m feeling sad I go out and soak up the sunshine. However I should probably warn you that too much sun exposure can cause cancer.
No change
Add a comma after sad
Add a comma after However
Add a comma after sad and a comma after However
D. Because “However” is an introductory word and “Whenever I’m feeling sad” is a introductory clause. All introductory words and clauses need a comma.
Mr. Moody studies show a link between positive moods and sunshine, so get yourself outside! If you don’t get enough sunshine, feel down.
No change
Add a comma after between
Add a comma after Mr. Moody and add a subject to “feel down”
Add a comma after Mr. Moody and between
C. Because “Mr. Moody” is an introductory word. “Feel down” is not a complete sentence.
You can’t have an introductory clause paired with an incomplete sentence.

7. I’ve got a sweeter song than the birds in the trees.
GUM #1 F
Link to song
I’ve got a sweeter song than the birds in the trees.
The month of May just walked in the door.
Simile: the comparison of one thing to another thing of a different kind using like, as, or than to make the description more vivid.
Personification: Giving inanimate objects human characteristics.
1. Decide which figure of speech is being used in each clause.
2. Decipher the deeper meaning of each sentence.