1. The Results of Stress

2. Stress & Strain
Stress: A force that causes pressure in the rocks of the Earth’s lithosphere
3 Types:
Compression: Rocks squeezed
Tension: Rocks pulled apart
Shearing: Rocks twisted or bent
Strain: Caused by stress, change in shape or volume of rocks

4. Folding
Folding: Rock becomes permanently deformed without breaking (higher temperatures and pressures)
Wave-like structures

5. Three Types of Folds:
Anticline: upcurved fold

6. Three Types of Folds
Syncline: Downcurved fold

7. Three Types of Folds
Monocline: gently dipping bends

8. Examples:
With large folds, anticlines form ridges, synclines form valleys

9. Faulting Rock breaks under stress (lower temperatures and pressures)
Fracture: rock breaks, but there is no movement to either side of the break
Fault: rock breaks and move past one another

11. Faulting Fault plane: the surface of a fault
Hanging wall: the rocks above the fault plane
Footwall: the rocks below the fault plane

13. Types of Faults
Normal Fault: The fault plane is steep/vertical, the hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall
Divergent boundaries

14. Types of Faults
Reverse Fault: Steep/vertical fault plane, hanging wall moves up relative to footwall
Convergent boundaries

15. Types of Faults
Thrust Fault: A special type of reverse fault, fault plane at a low angle

16. Types of Faults
Strike-Slip Fault: The rock on either side of the fault plane moves horizontally
Transform fault boundaries