1. Earth’s Crust in Motion

2. Stress
The surface of the earth is divided into 13 major tectonic plates.
These plates interact with each other constantly.

3. Stress
The movement of tectonic plates create stress ( a force that acts on a rock changing its shape and/or volume.

4. 3 Types of Stress
The rocks reaction to stress is called strain. The types of stress are:
Shearing
Tension
Compression

5. Types of Stress
Shearing: rocks break and slip past each other horizontally as they are pushed in opposite directions.
Tension: pulling of rock causes it to become thinner in the middle (think of stretching bubble gum after you chew it!)
Compression: rock is squeezed then folds or breaks. (Pushing two things together)

6. Faults/Fractures Breaks in rocks create fractures.
A fracture in which there is movement along the line of the break is called a fault.

7. 3 Types of faults
Strike-Slip
Normal
Reverse

8. Normal Fault (Divergent boundary)
Created by tension in which the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall. (Notice the way arrows are pointing)

9. Reverse Fault (Convergent boundary)
Created by compression in which the hanging wall slides up over the footwall.
(Notice the way arrows are pointing)
The position of a Fault Block determines whether it is a hanging wall or a footwall
These blocks are called Fault Blocks!

10. Strik-slip Fault (Transform boundary)
Created by shearing in which the boundaries slide horizontally past each other.

12. Folding Syncline Anticline Monocline Types of Folds
A Fold is when rock layers bend due to stress in the Earth’s crust.
Three types of folds:
Syncline
Anticline
Monocline
Types of Folds
Click here for interactive book.

13. Syncline Fold Downward Arch
Newer rock is pushed down toward the center of the fold

14. Anticline Fold Upward Arch
Older rock is pushed up toward the center of the fold.

15. Another Anticline Fold

16. Monocline Fold
One side is vertically lifted higher than the other side of the rock.

17. Folding Causes Mountains
Folded (when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward)
Fault-block (faulting causes large blocks to crust to drop down relative to other blocks.
Volcanic (molten rock erupts onto Earth’s surface)