1. The “p” stands for potential and the “H” stands for Hydrogen.

2. A pH number is a measurement of the amount of H+ ions in a substance
It ranges from 0-14
If a substance is neutral, it has a pH of 7
If a substance is ACIDIC, it will have a pH between 0 and 6.9
If a substance is BASIC, it has a pH between 7.1 and 14

3. Acids and Bases Acids release H+ ions when dissolved in water
Bases release OH- ions when dissolved in water
Buffers are mixtures that react with acids and bases to keep a substance within a particular pH.

4. Each number is 10 times more acidic or basic than the number before or after it.
For example: a pH of 2 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 3
For example: a pH of 1 is 100 times more acidic than a pH of 3.
For example: a pH of 9 is 10 times more basic than a pH of 8

5. Acids are associated with the color RED
Bases are associated with the color BLUE

6. There are 3 types of litmus paper
Litmus paper tests if a substance is acidic or basic by showing a color.
Red litmus dipped in a base will turn blue.
Red litmus dipped in an acid will stay the same (red).
Blue litmus dipped in an acid will turn red (may look pinkish).
Blue litmus dipped in a base will stay the same (blue).
Orange litmus paper has its own color scale ranging from red to brown.