1. Review of Step 1: Transcription
Problem: DNA has information about how to make proteins in the nucleus, but the protein making workshop is outside at the ribosomes!
Solution: A messenger (mRNA) copy is created and can leave the nucleus with the information!
Remember our base pairing rules:
A—U, G—C
Start with: DNA
End with: mRNA

2. Protein (amino acid chain)
WHAT is translation?
Translation: mRNA is translated into protein, which is a chain of amino acids
mRNA
Protein (amino acid chain)

3. WHY do we do translation?
Making proteins is the MAIN job of the cell. Cells are like protein making factories.
Proteins make up your physical characteristics.

4. WHERE does translation happen?
CYTOPLASM
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
@ the RIBOSOME

5. HOW does translation happen?
Ribosome reads the mRNA strand’s codons
Codons = 3 bases on the mRNA strand which code for 1 amino acid

6. HOW is mRNA converted into proteins during translation?
Ribosome reads the mRNA strand’s codons
Codons = 3 bases on the mRNA strand which code for 1 amino acid
2. tRNA helps the ribosome by picking up the correct amino acid (20 choices)

7. HOW is mRNA converted into proteins during translation?
1. Ribosome reads the mRNA strand’s codons
Codons = 3 bases on the mRNA strand which code for 1 amino acid
2. tRNA helps the ribosome by picking up the correct amino acid (20 choices)
3. The amino acid chain grows as successive amino acids are added by tRNA

8. HOW is mRNA converted into proteins during translation?
3. The amino acid chain grows as successive amino acids are added by tRNA
4. When the ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA strand, it releases the amino acid chain which folds together to make a working protein!