1. Grammar Lesson 4: Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases

2. Grammar Vocabulary
Part of the Sentence
Prepositional Phrase: Group of words that start with a preposition and ends with a noun (object)
Object of the Preposition: A noun that ends a prepositional phrase
Modifier: a word that adds information
- Adjectives: modifies a noun or pronoun
Adverbs: modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb

3. Grammar Vocabulary
Part of Speech
Preposition: A word that shows the relationship / location between two nouns / pronouns in a sentence Ex:  in, with, next, from Conjunction: connects words, phrase, clauses “joiners” Ex: and, but, for, so Adverbs: (next slide)

4. Examples of Adverbs Modifying
Where? VERBS ONLY
 Drove down  Jump away
 Is here  Stand nearby
When? VERBS ONLY
 report later  come tomorrow
 will leave soon  appeared suddenly
In What Way? (-ly) VERBS ONLY
 cautiously approached  walk quietly
 smiled happily  tell unwillingly
To What Extent? (-ly) ADJECTIVE, ADVERBS AND VERBS
 nearly won  had almost left
 hardly counted  scarcely escaped
 does not have

5. Examples of Adjectives Modifying
Questions
Example
What kind?
Brick house
White paper
Which one(s)?
That judge
Each answer
How many?
One daffodil
Several roses
How much?
No time
Enough raisins

6. Preposition or Adverb?
It depends on the function the word serves in the sentence to figure out if it is a preposition or an adverb. PREPOSITION  must have an object or a phrase EX: The ball flew past third base. EX: They sat inside the dugout. ADVERB  modifies a verb and has no object EX: The umpire ran past quickly. EX: Please come inside soon.

7. Frequently Used Prepositions
About Above Across After Against Along Among Around at before Behind Below Beneath Beside Besides Between Beyond But By Down During Except For From In Inside Into Like Near Of Off On Onto Opposite Out Outside Over Past Since Through To Toward Under Underneath Until Up upon With Within Without

8. Compound Prepositions  multiple words make up the preposition
According to Ahead of Apart from Aside from As of Because of By means of In addition to In back of In front of In place of In spite of Instead of In view of Next to On account of On top of Out of