1. 1. Identify these constellations…
URSA MAJOR
1. Identify these constellations…
CASSIOPEIA
LEO
ORION

2. The Big Dipper (asterism found in Ursa Major)
2. What is an asterism?
An asterism is pattern of stars found in the night’s sky that DO NOT fall into the category of constellation. It can be a collection of stars or only one star.
Example:
The Big Dipper (asterism found in Ursa Major)
Give an example...

3. 4. If you were to watch the night sky for many hours, what direction would the stars appear to move?
The stars would appear to move EAST to WEST; in the same way that the sun appears to move across the sky.

4. 5. What is a circumpolar constellation?
A circumpolar constellation is a constellation that appears to revolve around the North Pole and does not set below the horizon.

5. 6. Draw a diagram of Aristotle’s view of the universe.

6. 7. What observation supports the belief that the Earth is round?
The shadow of the Earth on the moon in a lunar eclipse proved to Aristotle that the Earth was round.
Eratosthenes’ observation of shadows helped prove the Earth was round AND estimate its circumference.

7. 8. Draw a diagram of Copernicus’s view of the universe.

8. 9. What contributions by Galileo led to our current understanding of astronomy?
His observations of the Sun, moon, and planets confirmed the heliocentric theory.
He saw the Saturn had “ears”.
Sunspots
Moons of Jupiter
Venus had phases.

9. 10. What laws can astronomers to use the predict the motion of one celestial body orbiting another celestial body?
The three laws of planetary motion Kepler developed:
1. Planets move in ellipses
2. The distance the planet is from the sun affects how long it takes to complete its orbit (further = longer).
3. Planets move more quickly when they are closer to the sun and move more slowly when they are further away.

10. 11. Explain why Newton is considered to be the most influential scientists who ever lived.
He developed three laws to describe and predict motion, developed the law of gravity, created a new telescope, was an experienced mathematician (developed calculus).

11. 12. What do we know about the universe that came from astronomers like Kepler, Brahe, and Newton?
We can predict the motion of planets in their elliptical orbit of the Sun. We can predict the motion of other objects orbiting planets, etc. We know they’re all kept in orbit by gravity.

12. 13. Compare and contrast “celestial body” with “constellation”.
A celestial body is a natural object out in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, comet, or star.
A constellation is a pattern of stars that usually depicts a person, animal, or object. Is one of the 88 defined by the IAU.

13. 15. Why can you only see some of the inner planets at sunset/sunrise, but other planets throughout the night?
The inner planets appear close to the Sun because they are within Earth’s orbit.
The outer planets are outside of our orbit, so they can be seen throughout the night.

14. 17. How did Ptolemy explain the movement of Mars?
He added a secondary level of motion; epicycles.

15. 18. What are some points to support the geocentric and heliocentric models of our solar system?
Geocentric – if we are at the centre all the sun, stars, etc appear to rotate around us.
Heliocentric – we see the above motion because the Earth revolves. We see phases of Venus so it must be within our orbit.