1. Run-ons and Fragments Practice

2. Types of Clauses Independent Clause: Subordinate Clause:
Group of related words
Has both a subject and a verb
Can stand alone as a sentence
Subordinate Clause:
Can NOT stand alone as a sentence; it must be connected to an independent clause
Types of Clauses

3. Independent or Subordinate?
Joe went to the barned and milked cows
Since Joe enjoys working on the farm
Going all the way to the store
Sarah drove the sports car too fast
She got a ticket for speeding
Because she didn’t see the cop
Underneath the bridge near the overpass next to the school
After the play the cast threw a huge party
Because the cast threw a huge party
Independent or Subordinate?

4. Types of Sentences Simple: one independent clause:
Joe milked the cows
Compound: two or more independent clauses:
Joe milked the cows, and he fed the chickens.
Complex Sentence: one independent and one or more subordinate:
Because Joe milked the cows quickly, he was able to go play with his friends.
Types of Sentences

5. Fragment: an incomplete sentence punctuated as if it were complete:
Because Joe milked the cows.
Milking the cows in the barn at dawn.
Run-on Sentence: adding two independent clauses together into a compound sentence without proper punctuation:
Joe milked the cows he was hoping to do it quickly.
Sarah drove the car too fast, she was caught speeding.
(This is called a “comma splice” as well)
Sentence Errors

6. How to fix a fragment Add it to an independent clause:
Because Joe milked the cows.
Because Joe milked the cows, he was able to go play with his friends.
Add the missing subject or verb:
Milking the cows quickly.
Joe milked the cows quickly.
Change the start of the fragment:
Joe milked the cows.
How to fix a fragment

7. How to fix a run-on Add a comma and a conjunction: Add a semicolon:
Sarah drove the car too fast, she was caught speeding.
Sarah drove the car too fast, so she was caught speeding.
Add a semicolon:
Sarah drove the car too fast; she was caught speeding.
Add a semicolon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma:
Sarah drove the car too fast; therefore, she was caught speeding.
Make it two separate sentences.
Sarah drove the car too fast. She was caught speeding.
How to fix a run-on

8. Jerry does not enjoy going to school, he wants to go to a good college.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

9. Since Sara loves flowers, she plants a very large garden.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

10. Henderson eats hamburgers and hotdogs as often as he can, so he loves barbecues.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

11. After he went to college and enjoyed the experience.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

12. She loves to sew, cook, and knit mittens; therefore, people think she is old- fashioned, she really isn’t though.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

13. Jim went to school to learn and to enjoy his friends and because he loved school lunches, so he really didn’t want to graduate; many people thought he was strange because of that.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

14. And he agreed completely with everything the speaker had to say.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

15. Winifred loved her name, she thought it made her unique in a world where too many people seemed exactly the same, as a result she named her daughter Winifred as well.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

16. Loving all sports, Fred went to every contest he could; however, he enjoyed baseball most, he likes the slow, relaxed pace of the games.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

17. To write a good essay, and to do well in an English class and also to maintain a high GPA in high school and to go to college.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

18. To write a good essay, and to do well in an English class and also to maintain a high GPA in high school and to go to college.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?

19. Sarah, who is a very talented girl, painted a beautiful picture, she wrote a poem that won awards too and she was awarded most improved athlete on her lacrosse team, which is the activity she enjoys most.
Number of independent clauses.
Number of subordinate clauses.
Is it punctuated correctly?
If not, how do we fix it?