1. chapter 9-1: muscular system intro
Essential Question:
Outline the Principle of Complementarity for the 3 types of muscle tissue (skeletal, cardiac, smooth).
chapter 9-1: muscular system intro
Learning Targets
Identify structure and function of 3 types of muscle tissue.
Identify the functional characteristics of muscle tissue.
List the functions of muscle
Describe the anatomy of skeletal muscle

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3. Muscle Overview
There are three types of muscle tissue found in the body:
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal
These types differ in structure, location, function, and means of activation.

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5. Muscle Similarities
Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated and are called muscle fibers.
Muscle contraction depends on two kinds of myofilaments
actin
myosin
Muscle terminology
Sarcolemma: muscle plasma membrane
Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of a muscle cell
Prefixes: “myo”, “mys”, and “sarco” all refer to muscle

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7. Functional Characteristics of Muscle Tissue
Excitability, or irritability: the ability to receive and respond to stimuli
Contractility: the ability to shorten forcibly
Extensibility: the ability to be stretched or extended
Elasticity: the ability to recoil and resume the original resting length

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9. 1. Cardiac Muscle Tissue Only in the heart
Is striated but is not voluntary
Contracts at a fairly steady rate set by the heart’s pacemaker
Cardiac muscle is responsible for moving the blood through the body
Neural (nerve) controls allow the heart to respond to changes in bodily needs

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11. 2. Smooth Muscle Tissue Found in the walls of hollow visceral organs
It is not striated and is involuntary
Contracts much slower than the other two types of muscle
Smooth muscle helps maintain blood pressure, and squeezes or propels substances (i.e., food, feces) through organs and channels

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13. 3. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Muscles that attach to and cover the bones/ skeleton
Has obvious stripes called striations
Is controlled voluntarily (by conscious control)
Contracts rapidly but tires easily
Skeletal muscles are responsible for all locomotion
also maintain posture, stabilize joints, and generate heat
Is extremely adaptable and can exert a variety of forces

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15. 3A. Skeletal Muscle Each muscle is a discrete organ composed of:
Muscle tissue
Blood vessels
One artery and at least one vein
Nerve fibers
Each muscle has a nerve ending
Connective tissue
Connects to the bone by tendons
Three connective tissue sheaths surround various parts

16. 3A. Skeletal Muscle The three connective tissue sheaths are:
Endomysium: fine sheath of connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber
Perimysium: fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles
Epimysium: an overcoat of connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle