1. CHAPTER 2 & 3 MATTER COMPOSITION OF MATTER TYPES OF SUBSTANCES
DESCRIBING MATTER
STATES OF MATTER
CHANGE IN MATTER
FLUIDS

2. Anything that has mass and takes up space
MATTER
Anything that has mass and takes up space

3. SUBSTANCES
Type of matter with a fixed composition that cannot be separated by physical means

4. PHYSICAL PROPERTY
Characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the substance
Physical Change
A change in size, shape or state of matter; substance DOES NOT change identity
Can be reversed easily

5. PHYSICAL PROPERTY - Examples
Change in phase: state of matter change (solid, liquid or gas)
Change in shape
Malleable - bend or hammer without breaking
Ductile - stretching without breaking
Dissolving - making items smaller

6. DENSITY
D = mass
volume
Mass= grams
Volume = mL

7. BOILING POINT
The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. For water: 100 oC

8. FREEZING POINT The temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.
For water: 0 oC

9. ODOR

10. COLOR

11. SHAPE

12. CHEMICAL PROPERTY
Characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change
Chemical Change
A change in one substance to another substance

13. CHEMICAL PROPERTY - Evidence
Gas produced
Bubbles form
A change in temperature
Color change
Burning

14. PH
How acidic or basic a substance is…

15. ELECTRONEGATIVITY
the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond

16. REACTIVITY WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES

17. FLAMMABILITY – PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

18. OXIDATION STATE

19. BOND PREFERENCE

20. MIXTURES
Material made up of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means

21. Kinetic Theory
Explains how particles in matter behave
All matter is composed of particles
Particles are in constant, random motion
Particles collide with each other and walls of the container

22. States of Matter SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA State Characteristics
Particles
SOLID
Definite shape AND definite volume
Closely packed in a geometric arrangement
LIQUID
Indefinite shape AND definite volume
More space, particles slide pass each other
GAS
Indefinite shape AND Indefinite volume
Space to spread out evenly in a container
PLASMA
High temperature gas
Positively and negatively charged

23. *Temperature of the substance does not change*
Exothermic
Endothermic

25. Mixtures & SOLUTIONS

26. ELEMENT
Substance made up of atoms with the same identity

27. COMPOUND
Atoms of two or more elements that are connected through chemical bonds

28. HOMOGENEOUS
Mixture in which two or more substances are uniformly spread out

29. HETEROGENEOUS
Mixture in which different materials can be easily distinguished

30. SIGNS THAT A CHEMICAL CHANGE HAS OCCURRED
Bubbles of gas appear
A precipitate(solid) appears where there was only liquid before
Change in color
Change in Temperature

31. SOLUTION
Homogeneous mixture of particles so small that they cannot even be seen with a microscope and will never settle
Example:
Sugar water

32. COLLOID
Type of mixture with particles that are larger than those in a solution, but still not able to settle out
Examples:
Shaving cream
Lotion
Ink

33. TYNDALL EFFECT:
Shining a beam of light on a colloid making the light scatter to detect that is truly a colloid

34. SUSPENSION
Heterogeneous mixture containing liquid in which visible particles settle
Examples:
Sand in water
Salad dressing
Apple cider
*HINT: If it has a label “Shake Well” then it has suspended particles making it a suspension

35. ACTIVITY - LABEL THESE EXAMPLES
Solution
Colloid
Suspension
Kool-Aid
Toothpaste
Fog OJ
Gatorade
Protein Shake
Hair dye
Whipped Cream