1. SRM II Review of key concepts

2. SRM I Scientific method Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics
Hypothesis testing
T-test, chi-square, ANOVA, regression, correlation
Power, effect size, confidence intervals

3. Q: “How much from SRM I will be in our exams?”
A: The minimum basics of SRM I (e.g., mean, SD, t, p, the logic of statistical inference). There will be no questions on regression, power, and confidence intervals in your SRM II exam.

4. SRM II Questionnaire development Experimental research Control groups
Single factor designs
Factorial designs
Small N, observational, correlational designs
Quasi-experimental
Lots of data analyses
Lots of critiques about other people’s research
Your first independent research project!

5. Questionnaire development
What is a psychological construct?
How do you operationalize it?
How do you measure it?
Validity
Predictive
Discriminant
Construct
Face
Reliability
Internal consistency
Inter-rater (not covered)

6. Experimental research
What is the defining characteristic of an experiment?
Principles of causality (what are they?)
Threats to internal validity
Biases (what kinds?)
Regression to the mean
History and maturation

7. Control problems
Between/within-subjects designs each has its own control problems
Creating equivalent groups (between-subj)
Randomization and counterbalancing (within-subj)
Cohort effects in longitudinal design

8. Control problems
Just because the experimenter didn’t investigate factor B in a A  Y design, is A a confound? No!
B could be a moderator (A*B  Y)
What exactly is a confound?
A confound is an alternative explanation that you don’t want
A mediator is an explanation that you want
Both are explanatory variables. What does your theory say?
What is worth controlling for?

9. Mediators vs. moderatorsIV DV
Which of these can be MED and/or MOD?
Gender
Helpfulness
Race
Frequency of smiling
Nationality
Moderator IV DV

10. Single factor designs Distinction between factors and levels
Various control groups
Placebo
Waitlist
Nested models (you need to learn how to recognize it when you see one)

11. Factorial designs Reality is complex
Having additional factors help us understand this complexity
This complexity can reveal
The boundary conditions
The processes
Fully between, fully within, mixed subjects

12. Drawing graphs For factorial designs, having graphs is useful
To understand general trends
To examine which simple effects you can break down
To know what you are expecting during the planning stages of a research

13. Quasi-experimental designs
We went through examples of earthquake and epidemiological studies
Well-controlled experiments may not always be possible
Researchers sometimes need to be opportunistic too.

14. Small N, observational, correlational designs
Small N is useful, though rarely used
Lab-based studies can only capture a tiny part of what it means to be human
Observational studies are a nice complement

15. Will there be an SRM III?
There are other designs out there: Observational, survey research methods, Big Data, etc.
There are other statistics out there: Structural equation modeling, multilevel modeling, mediation, survival analysis, cluster analysis, logistic regression, trend analysis, etc.

16. The world of possibilities.

17. Bio
Cog
Dev
Clinical
Social
Statistics
Research Methods

18. Final report Read the Course Manual
Review the Grading Rubrics while writing your report
How can I best show that I have mastered the concept?

19. Expectations Acknowledge important limitations or confounds
Grade is not dependent on statistical significance
APA style – just adhere to it.
The ability to write well is a bonus
Not sure how to write well? Read more Psychological Science articles s…l...o...w…l…y
My mantra: Be clear, complete, and unambiguous.

20. Exam Sleep 7-8 hours Don’t panic. Work through information calmly
Draw diagrams; doodle; plan your answers
Open book: For some questions, the answers can be found in the slides. But you need to revise them well so that you know where to find them!
You are allowed to bring laptop (but no internet)