1. Cell Growth and Reproduction
Cells grow and then reproduce
Worn-out cells are repaired or replaced by new cells
Cells grow in a cycle, called the Cell Cycle

2. Cell Cycle 2 general periods 1) Growth (Interphase)
2) Division (mitosis)

3. MITOSIS Cell division is called Mitosis
Mitosis has 4 phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Result: 2 genetically identical daughter cells

4. Interphase
During this phase the Cell grows in size and Carries on metabolism
Chromosomes (structures that carry DNA) are duplicated

5. Interphase Divided into 3 parts G1 (growth 1) S ( synthesis)

6. G1(growth 1) A time of rapid growth and metabolic activity
Protein production is high
Organelles are beginning to be made

7. S (synthesis)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is synthesized and replicated
The cell copies its chromosomes

8. G2 (growth 2) Mitochondria and other organelles are made
Centrioles (contractile tubules), replicate
The last stop before a cell divides (is mitosis)

9. Chromosomes Carry DNA on them
When they are not getting ready for cell division, chromosomes exist at chromatin
Chromatin is long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins

10. The 2 halves of chromosomes are called Sister Chromatids
Sister Chromatids and the DNA they contain are exact copies of each other

12. Mitosis: Cell Division

13. 4 Phases of Mitosis
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

14. Prophase Chromatin coils into visible chromosomes Nucleus disappears
Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrate
Centrioles (only present in animals) begin to migrate to opposite ends of the cell (poles)
A spindle begins to form, which plays a role in the separation of sister chromatids

15. Nucleus
Centrioles
Nuclear
Envelope
Spindle
Fibers
Chromosomes

16. Metaphase
Short phase
Chromosomes become attached to the spindle fiber by their centromere
Chromosomes begin to line up in the middle of the cell, called the equator
META = MIDDLE

17. centrioles
Chromosomes
Spindle
Centromere

18. Anaphase Sister Chromatids begin to separate
The centromeres split apart
ANA = APART

19. Centrioles
Sister Chromatids
Split apart
Spindle

20. Telophase Sister Chromatids reach the opposite poles of the cell
Spindle begins to breakdown
Nucleus reappears
Nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes

21. Telophase In plants, a cell plate is formed
In animals the cell “pinches” in along the equator, which is called a Cleavage furrow

22. Centrioles Chromosomes Nucleus
The animal
Cell
“pinches”
in at
the equator
Nuclear
Membrane

23. Cytokinesis The cell’s cytoplasm divides
Result: 2 Daughter Cells that are GENETICALLY IDENTICAL
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24. 2 Daughter cells