1. Integrated Circuits Computer Signals
Chapter Lesson 2

2. Integrated Circuits
Electronic circuits that have been reduced in size and etched on the surface of tiny semiconductor chips

3. Integrated Circuit
Different semiconductor substances are deposited on a silicon chip and then etched to produce resistors, diodes, and transistors
Metal conductors on the top of the chip connect these various electronic components to form the circuit
Wire leads allow for input and output connections

4. Integrated Circuit Wire leads connect the chip to the metal pins.
The pins plug into or are soldered to other parts of the circuit.

5. IC Construction
The circuit been photographically reduced in size, etched on a silicon chip, and placed in a protective plastic case

6. Computer Signals Computer signal
voltage variation over short periods of time
specific arrangement of pulses or waves used to carry data, or information
Computer signals can be digital or analog

7. On-off signal like that produced by a rapidly flipping switch
Digital Signal
On-off signal like that produced by a rapidly flipping switch

8. A digital waveform as seen on an oscilloscope
Digital Signal
A digital waveform as seen on an oscilloscope

9. Gradually changes in strength like the output from a dimming switch
Analog Signal
Gradually changes in strength like the output from a dimming switch

10. An analog waveform as seen on an oscilloscope
Analog Signal
An analog waveform as seen on an oscilloscope

11. Scoping a Magnetic Sensor

12. Signal Frequency How fast a signal changes over time
High-frequency signal
short pulse width
Low-frequency signal
long pulse width

13. Measured in cycles per second (hertz)
Signal Frequency
Measured in cycles per second (hertz)

14. Voltage level present in the waveform
Signal Amplitude
Voltage level present in the waveform

15. Percentage of on-time compared to total cycle time
Duty Cycle
Percentage of on-time compared to total cycle time