1. Fungi

2. PURPLE CORAL FUNGUS Clavaria
RUBBER CUP FUNGUS Sarcosorna
SULFUR SHELF FUNGUS Polyporus
TRUMPET CHANTARELLE Caraterellus
SCARLET HOOD Hygrophorus
BIG LAUGHING MUSHROOM Gymnophilus

3. The light
red coral
Fungus,
Ramaria
The shelf
Fungus,
Polyporus

4. Fly Agaric mushroom, Amanita muscaria
A.ocreata
Very poisonous
Fly Agaric mushroom, Amanita muscaria
Causes hallucinations when eaten.

5. Key Concepts: Fungi are heterotrophs
Fungi and bacteria are the decomposers of the biosphere
Fungal enzymes are secreted outside their body which digest food
Most fungi are multicelled
Fungal spores develop from hyphae
Many fungi are symbionts with other organisms

6. Characteristics of Fungi
Premier decomposers
Heterotrophs
Extracellular digestion
Absorption of products
Saprophytic
Parasitic

7. Major Groups of Fungi Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Life Cycles
Asexually most often
Spores
Mycelium
Hyphae
Chitin

8. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION (mitosis)
zygospore (2n)
Diploid Stage
nuclear fusion
meiosis
50 µm
Haploid Stage
spores (n)
Zygospore
Spore sac
germinating zygospore
young zygospore
mycelium develops from germinated spore
spores (n)
gametangia fusing
stolon
rhizoids
contact between hyphae of two mating strains
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION (mitosis)

9. Spores and More Spores Sexual or asexual Temperature dependent
Moisture dependent
Zygosporangium
Basidiospores
Ascospores
Sarcoscypha coccinia

10. Morels ascospore (sexual spore) spore sac ascoscarp ascoscarp
spore-bearing hypha of this ascoscarp
conidia (chains of asexual spores)
budding yeast cell

11. Other Sac Fungi Molds Penicillium Aspergillus Yeasts
Penicillin
Camembert and Roquefort cheeses
Aspergillus
Soy sauce
Soft drinks - citric acid
Yeasts
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Bread, wine and beer
Candida albicans
Infections

12. Beneficial Associations Between Fungi and Plants
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Lichen
Fungus and photosynthetic organism

13. Usnea Cladonia rangiferina Old Man’s Beard Leaf-like Erect branching
Lichen
Cladonia rangiferina

14. Lichens

15. dispersal fragment (cells of mycobiont and of photobiont)
cortex (outer layer of mycobiont)
photobionts
medulla (inner layer of loosley woven hyphae)
cortex

16. Other Symbiotic Relationships
Mycorrhiza
Young tree roots
Mutualistic
Fungi as clues to the environment
Decline correlate with rise in air pollution
Fungi and disease
Histoplasmosis
Poisonings
Skin infections
Pneumocystis carinii

17. Athlete’s foot –Epidermophyton floccosum
Apple scab- Venturia inaequalis

18. Reproductive structures of Pilobolus

19. Some Pathogenic and Toxic Fungi
Ascomycetes
Ajeliomyces capsulatus- Histoplasmosis
Aspergillus – sinus, ear, lung infection
Microsporium sp. Various ringworms.
Verticillium sp Plant wilt
Monilinia fructicola-
Brown Rot of Peaches
Zygomycetes
Rhizopus - Food spoilage
Basidiomycetes
Puccinia graminis Wheat Rust
Ustilago maydis Corn Smut

20. In Conclusion Fungi are heterotrophs and major decomposers
Most fungi are multicellular
The main groups of fungi are the Zygomycetes, the Ascomycetes, and the Basidiomycetes
Fungi are classified by the type of spores they produce

21. In Conclusion Most fungi can produce sexual and asexual spores
Lichen are mutualistic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
developed by M. Roig