1. Ancient Greece Study Guide

2. 1. Describe the climate of Greece
1. Describe the climate of Greece. Greece has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, moist winters.
2. What about Greece’s geography allowed for formation of city-states? Rugged mountains and isolated valleys, islands, seas
3. What are some things that could be found in a city-state?
Temples, agora, acropolis, architecture, art, government, citizens, fort, religious sites

3. 4. Describe the evolution of democracy in Athens.
Monarchy
Oligarchy
Tyranny
Democracy
5. What form of government originated in Athens?
6. Who could participate in government in Athens?
Free men, born in Athens

4. 7. Who is Homer?
He was a poet, who wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey (epic poems about Trojan War)
8. What are the 3 types of columns that the Greeks were first to design?
Ionic
Corinthian
Doric

5. 9. What was the Parthenon. Temple built to honor the goddess Athena
9. What was the Parthenon? Temple built to honor the goddess Athena. It was a masterpiece of architecture with a statue of her built by the sculptor, Phidias. 10. Describe Golden Age The Golden Age was a period of peace and prosperity. During Greece’s golden age there were many contributions made to Greek society.

6. 11. Who were three famous Greek philosophers and what were they famous for?
Socrates – encouraged Greeks to question the world around them
Plato – founder of the “Academy” in Athens
Aristotle – taught Alexander the Great and invented the debating method
12. What weakened Greece and left it open for attack?
War between Athens and Sparta (Peloponnesian War) left city-states weak and vulnerable to attack.

7. 13. Who was Alexander the Great
13. Who was Alexander the Great? He was the King of Macedonia and was taught by Aristotle which gave him an appreciation of the Greek culture. He conquered Greece and Persia and created an empire from the Mediterranean to India. 14. How did Alexander the Great spread Greek culture? As Alexander conquered areas he built cities with Greek art and architecture and urged Greek people to move to these cities to spread their culture.

8. 15. Who were Zeus, Poseidon, Hades and Athena?
Zeus – god of the sky and ruler of Olympian gods
Poseidon – god of the sea
Hades – god of the underworld
Athena – goddess of Wisdom
16. Was Ancient Greece monotheistic or polytheistic?
They were polytheistic. They believed in many gods.

9. 17. What is the relative location of Greece?
north of Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea
West of Mesopotamia
East of North America
18. Why did Greek athletes participate in the ancient Olympic games? To honor Zeus

10. 19. How were the Greek city-states/polis different from each other
19. How were the Greek city-states/polis different from each other? How were they alike?
They each had their own government and set of laws. They shared the same language and were polytheistic, believing in the same gods.
20. What is the purpose of myths?
To explain things in nature, such the creation of the world; to entertain; to promote cultural morals

11. 21. On what continent can you find Greece. Europe 22
21. On what continent can you find Greece? Europe 22. Compare Athens and Sparta. Athens – valued education, art, theatre, democratic government; had a strong navy Sparta – valued strength and discipline; war-like and had an oligarchy style government