1. Please pick up an ERA IV packet from the front and have a seat

2. Thursday May 5th - one week left!
Agenda for the day:
Notes on Era IV
Era IV exams back – test correction assignment
Practice Multiple Choice Exams
Work on Era III, IV and V
Quizzes back from throughout the school year
HOMEWORK: STUDY FOR THE EXAM!

3. * Get ready to take notes! Why 1750?
Continuities:
France – absolute rule
China – sense of cultural superiority
Societies divided by race
Changes:
French Revolution
End of Japanese isolation and beginning of rapid modernization

4. 1750 - 1914 Rise of the West  Imperialism Industrialization
Enlightenment  Political reform
Nationalism
Ethnocentrism
Urbanization
Rapid change
Telegraph, telephone, radio, postal system, steamship, railroad

5. Industrial Revolution
Began in Great Britain in mid 1700s
deposits of coal, enclosure movement
Improved farming techniques  population moved to cities with increased industrial jobs
New sources of energy – steam engine
New methods – factory model
New inventions – textile industry (weaving)
New class system – working class “proletariat”
New desire – for raw materials, natural resources

6. World Trade Manufactured goods in the west Atlantic World
Needed raw materials to produce them
Railroad allows exploitation of natural resources
Atlantic World
Plantation system, exploitation of newly independent Latin American nations
Large plantation crops based on needs of West
Sugar, coffee, cotton, cacao
Islamic World Trade decreased
Ottoman empire weakened
China opened up to Europe

7. Suez Canal
Suez canal opened in 1869
British take control by 1882

8. Atlantic Slave Trade Effects on Africa Population loss
Relied on importation of foreign goods
Weakens internal development
Coastal kingdoms – ruled by warlords
Economic slump at end of slave trade
End of Trans-Atlantic slave trade
Cost – too expensive
Moral, ethical, religious reasons
1807 – slavery illegal in Great Britain
Abolitionist movement
Blockade of west African coast

9. End of Slave Trade British patrol supervising W Coast
Slave trade shifts east
Rise of legitimate slave trade (palm oil, rubber)
Secondary kingdoms form
Africa starts to reform (1850’s) to combat the West
Egypt, Ethiopia and Sokoto Claiphate
New states form- zulu

10. Rise of Western Dominance
Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference 1884

11. Imperialism and Colonialism
Causes: industrialization, wealth, transportation
Economic imperialism
Military power
Population growth and expansion
Science and technology
Racial superiority – Social Darwinism

12. British in India Raw materials to Britain, finished back to India
Textile industry
Spread of Christianity
Upper castes – English language and culture
Railroads, canals, urbanization
“Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire

13. Europe in Southeast Asia
Singapore – trading center, naval base  British
Burma  British
Hong Kong  British
Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)  French
Indonesia  Dutch
Thailand  remained independent (leader and luck)
Philippines  US annexation after Spanish out

14. New Political Ideas Rise of Nationalism
Growth of Nation-states/ empires

15. Enlightenment to Revolution
Enlightenment philosophies inspired revolutions in North America, France and Haiti
Latin American independence movements
Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil
United States (1776)
France (1789)
Haiti (1803)
Mexico (1910)
China (1911)

16. American Revolution Colonies frustrated with mercantile policy of G.B.
“taxation without representation”
Inspired by Enlightenment – national identity
Protest, boycotts, violence
Declaration of Independence – 1776
Alliance with Britain’s enemies (French)
Independence movement  uprising against imperial power
Sent precedence for later colonies
Ideas from revolution spread worldwide

17. French Revolution High taxes, high prices = unhappy peasantry
Ineffective king – spending too much!
Phases of revolutionary “fever”
Results:
Popular government failed – Napoleon as dictator
Eliminated absolute monarchy
Gave voice to needs of people
Starts trend of greater representation
Inspires later revolutions

18. Haitian Revolution Enlightenment ideas, French Revolution
Slave uprising
Mercantilist policy
Outcome:
Independence declared in 1804
First nation in L. America
French pull back from colonies
Toussaint L’Ouverture

19. Mexican Revolution Inspired by Haiti Spain at war with France
Mestizo/Native Americans rebellion and revolt
Demanded reforms
Dictatorship
Civil war
Constitution and election
by 1917

20. Latin American Independence Movements
Growing sense of national identity
Resentment of Spanish/Portuguese economic policies
Frustration of American-born Creole upper and middle class – would never be seen as equal to European-born
Confusion in Europe over leadership
Rise of dictatorial/military rule
Caudillos – military strongmen
Social and racial divisions
Foreign influence

21. Chinese Revolution Increasing power of foreign nations
Boxer and Taiping Rebellions
Defeat to Japanese in Sino-Japanese war
Discontent of rural poor peasants
Qing- oppressive rule, losing territory
Revolution  chaos, civil war  Republic in 1927
Nationalist/Kuomintang Party
Dr. Sun Yat Sen

22. Japan Highly ethnocentric, self-involved Did not allow travel abroad
Commodore Perry – 1853
Isolation led to military/economic disadvantage
Organized Japanese nationalists  Meiji Restoration
Westernization
Built up industry/military
Sino-Japanese War 1895
Russo-Japanese War 1904
Nationalism, imperialism

23. Ottoman Empire Foreigners at borders Declining slowly
Military and financial support from Britain and France
Corrupt government
Tanzimat Reforms – alienate conservatives
British gain control of region

24. Russia Absolute power to czars in order to keep control
Secret police used to root out rebellion
1860s – Alexander II – Emancipation Edict to abolish serfdom
Given small plots of land, huge payments to government, moved to cities to work in industry
Russian language/Orthodox Christianity  culture
Protestors ask for reform from the czar – Bloody Sunday 1905 Legislative reforms, Prime Minister

25. Changes in Social and Gender Structure
Industrial Revolution
Commercial developments
Tension between work patterns and ideas about gender
Emancipation of serfs and slaves
Women’s emancipation movements

26. Demographic and Environmental Changes
End of Atlantic Slave Trade
Migration – immigration
New birthrate patterns
Disease prevention and eradication
Food supply