1. Chapter 2 The Muslim World Expands
Chapter 2 Notes
August 30, 2016

2. Turks Move into Byzantium
Many Anatolian Turks saw themselves as Ghazis (Warriors for Islam)
Formed military societies
Lived under an Islamic code of conduct
Raided territories of frontiers of the Byzantine Empire

3. Most successful ghazi was Osman. People in the west called him Othman.
His followers were called______?
Built small Muslim state in Anatolia
Land was expanded buy buying, settling, and conquering
Military success based on gunpowder (musket)
Among first people to use cannons

4. Second Ottoman leader Orkhan 1, declared himself Sultan, meaning overlord or one with power.
In 1361 the Ottomans captured Adrianople the second most important city in the Byzantine Empire
Ottomans ruled smartly. Did so through local officials appointed by Sultan which improved the lives of peasants.
Had to serve in Turkish armies and make contributions (required by faith)
Non Muslims did not have to serve in army but paid a small exemption tax.

5. Timur the lame a rebellious warrior and conqueror from Samarkand in Central Asia.
Called this because of arrow in his leg injury
He burned Baghdad to the ground
Defeated many Ottoman forces and halted expansion for several years

6. Timur turned attention to China
This caused war to break out among 4 sons of Ottoman Sultan
Mehmed 1 beat brothers and took throne. His son Murad 2 will become 1 of the 4 most powerful sultans to ever live.
His son Mehmed 2 Conquered Constantinople first to do so! 7 week battle.
Dragged ships over hill to other side of the city then sandwiched the city! Bombarded them with cannon fire!

7. Suleyman the Lawgiver
Suleyman was known as Suleyman the great! Know as amazing military leader.
Went down Africa capturing costal city after city
Eventually turned eyes to Europe and pushed all the way into Austria.
Become most powerful monarch on earth.
Charles 5th only large rival

8. Created a law code to help those through criminal and civil issues.
Simplified and limited taxes.
Improved overall lives of conquered people
The Sultans 20,000 personal slaves staffed his palace bureaucracy
He established the idea of Devshirme – drafting conquered Christians into his personal army/guard.
Converted them to islam
Trained them to be assassins

9. Created 30,000 of these elite assasins called Janissaries
All these got education, training, and a perfect life.
But had sworn oath of loyalty to Sultan

10. Cultural Flowering Studied all the liberal arts
Employed architects to build beautiful buildings
Created schools, public bath houses, libraries, and housing.
He inspired painters and artists.

11. Decline of the Empire He killed one of his sons
Drove another son into exile
Gave his incompetent third son Selim 2 the throne
Became customary for each new sultan to have his brothers strangled
Keep sons imprisoned and cut off from the world