1. REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-3
REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-3

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS
THYLAKOIDS
= sac-like
photosynthetic = stack of thylakoids
membranes
inside chloroplast
GRANUM (pl. grana)
Image from BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006

3. SPACES THYLAKOID SPACE STROMA cytoplasm
Gel-filled space inside chloroplast surrounding
thylakoid sac
Gel-filled space
Inside the
thylakoid
sac
cytoplasm
Gel-filled space OUTSIDE chloroplast but inside the cell membrane

4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAPPENS IN CHLOROPLASTS
Proteins that are part of the thylakoid
membrane organize
________________________________ into clusters called _____________________
Light absorbing PIGMENTS
PHOTOSYSTEMS

5. LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY CARRIERS
Molecule that carries
= _______
Molecule that carries HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS
= ___________
ATP
NADP+
Images by Riedell

6. HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS require a special carrier, too
Frying pan image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006
HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS require a special carrier, too
____________ is one
of the carriers that
cells use to transport
high energy electrons.
NADP+
________ + _____ + _____ → ____________
2 e- H+
_______= nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

7. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-Dependent Reaction Oxygen Light & Water
ATP
NADPH
Light-Independent
Reactions

8. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
INSIDE THYLAKOID SPACE
ATP SYNTHASE ↓
PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓
ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM ↓
PHOTOSYSTEM I
OUTSIDE THYLAKOID IN STROMA
Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

9. ↓ ↓ WHY DOES PHOTOSYSTEM II COME BEFORE PHOTOSYSTEM I?
It was discovered and named 1st
PHOTOSYSTEM II ↓ ↓
PHOTOSYSTEM I
Image modified from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

10.
REMEMBER CELL BIO
Diffusion happens anytime there is a difference in concentration in one place compared to another
= ________________________
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

11. REMEMBER CELL BIO Diffusion can happen across membranes TOO
REMEMBER CELL BIO
Diffusion can happen across membranes TOO
…as long as membrane will let molecule through

12. LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTIONS
SEE A MOVIE ATP SYNTHASE IN ACTION
See an animation about the
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

13. LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION
Requires ______________
Molecules are part of ________________
Made up of __________________
connected by ______________________
& ___________________
Uses light energy to change
ADP + P → _______
NADP+ + 2e- + H + → _________
Breaks apart ______ molecules and releases _____________
LIGHT
THYLAKOID membranes
PHOTOSYSTEMS II & I
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
ATP SYNTHASE
ATP
NADPH
H20
oxygen

14. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-Dependent Reaction Light & Water Oxygen
ATP
NADPH
(CH2O)n
Carbon Dioxide
Light-Independent Reactions
CALVIN CYCLE

15. PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW
Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Prentice Hall

16. Click the image to play the video segment.
Calvin Cycle (8E)
Click the image to play the video segment.
Video 5

17. Calvin Cycle CO2 Enters the Cycle Energy Input 5-Carbon Molecules
Regenerated
6-Carbon Sugar
Produced
See Calvin cycle animation
Sugars and other compounds

18. CALVIN CYCLE ____________ require ____________
(also called _________________________)
____________ require ____________
Happens in _________ between thylakoids
NADPH donates _______________
ATP donates _________________
CO2 donates ______________
to make __________
LIGHT INDEPENDENT
DOES NOT
LIGHT
STROMA
Hydrogen + electrons
ENERGY
Carbon & oxygen
GLUCOSE

19. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
AMOUNT OF WATER
____________________
Water is one of the raw materials needed, so
A shortage of water can ________________
photosynthesis
slow or stop
Desert plants and conifers
that live in dry conditions
have a waxy coating on
their leaves to prevent
water loss.

20. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
TEMPERATURE
Photosynthesis enzymes function best between 0° C - 35° C
At temperatures above or below this range, photosynthesis will slow or stop
Conifers in winter may carry out
photosynthesis only occasionally

21. Enzymes work BEST at a certain ___ and __________.
REMEMBER CELL BIO
Enzymes work BEST at a certain ___ and __________.
Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC
or TOO HOT cause proteins
to unwind or _________ pH
temperature
DENATURE

22. Denaturing changes the shape of the enzyme making it not work
HOMEOSTASIS (keeping pH and temperature constant) is important for maintaining enzyme function.
Image from:

23. Factors that Affect Photosynthesis
LIGHT INTENSITY
____________________
More light increases rate of photosynthesis
up to a certain level until plant reaches its
maximum rate of photosynthesis
See effect of light experiment

24. THE BIG PICTURE sugars PHOTOSYNTHESIS provides
the _____________ we breathe
and the __________
heterotrophs (like us)
consume to survive
OXYGEN
sugars
Carbon dioxide
Sugars
WATER
Oxygen
_____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________

25. Concept Map Photosynthesis Section 8-3 includes takes place in uses
take place in
to produce of
to produce

26. Concept Map Photosynthesis Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
includes
Light-
dependent
reactions
Calvin cycle
takes place in
uses
use
take place in
Thylakoid
membranes
Stroma
NADPH
ATP
Energy from
sunlight
to produce of
to produce
ATP
NADPH O2
Chloroplasts
High-energy
sugars