1. Protestant Reformation 1517

2. Renaissance's effect
People began to question their lives and authority

3. What had become the biggest authority figure of the Middle Ages?

4. Martin Luther- 1517 German monk Questioned Churches practices
Sale of indulgences by Johann Tetzel building a church
“ selling forgiveness for sins”
Automatic trip to heaven in after-life

5. 95 Theses
Luther was so upset at church he decided to write down the 95 Theses (95 things church is doing wrong) and nails them to the church in Wittenberg (Germany)

6. How did this become such a big deal?
effect of the printing press –spread ideas faster
Opened people’s eyes to church malpractices

7. Martin Luther “Faith Alone” will save you
All should read the Bible in their own vernacular (language)
Priests do not have special powers
Simplify the sacraments to baptism and communion
Religious Education for all.

8. How will the church react?
How will people react?
How will the church react?

9. Church’s Reaction
Want Martin Luther to recant (take back) what he Diet of Worms
Diet – group/assembly
Worms is a place in Germany

11. Luther says NO. Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir
Luther says NO!!!!!!!!!! Hier stehe ich. Ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir. Amen." ("Here I stand. I can do nothing else. God help me. Amen.")
He is excommunicated from church and forced into hiding for the rest of his life

12. What is the results of Luther’s actions?
Opened people’s eyes to corruption of the church
soon others began to create new churches away from the Roman Catholic Church based on own beliefs– ex John Calvin-- Calvinism
Ex. Protestant, Lutheran, Baptists, Puritans, Methodists, Calvinists, and so on.

14. John Calvin - Calvinism
French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland
“Faith Alone” saves you
The Bible holds the truth
Religious Education
PREDESTINATION - God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

15. Calvinism
Spreads to France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland
Dutch Reformed,
Scottish Presbyterians, American Baptists, Puritans, from this branch.

16. Henry VIII of England
Wished to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn
Pope refused to grant it
Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534
In America we call this the Anglican Church

17. Act of Supremacy- 1534
The King is head of the church in England, not the Pope!!

18. Other Protestant Reformers
Erasmus – Christian humanist
Believed that people should use their reason to become better Christians.
Wrote – Praise of Folly
Attacked the wealth of the Church – to concerned with luxury.

19. Other Protestant Reformers
William Tyndale
English scholar – translated Bible into English
Later arrested, and executed

20. The COUNTER-Reformation
The Catholic Church
Strikes Back!!

21. 1545 Council of Trent Met over 17 years
Determined what was heresy (against church teachings)
Reaffirmed what was Church teachings
Launched the Inquisition, and the Jesuits

22. The Council of Trent
Ordered bishops and priests to follow strict rules of behavior.
Set up seminaries – special schools to train priests.
Also set out to win followers and to strengthen the spiritual life of Catholics.

23. The Society of Jesus Also known as Jesuits.
Taught and preached in an effort to bring Protestants back to the Catholic faith. Very strict order.
Founder: Ignatius of Loyala.
He was a soldier whose life changed when he was wounded in battle. Decided he’d be a soldier for Jesus.

24. Major Success Clarified Catholic Church doctrine
Groups like the Jesuits spread ideas
The Catholic Church recognized that it needed reform
Ended abuse of the Catholic Church
Found a way to reform that didn’t require war

26. Remember: The Spanish Inquisition

27. IN SHORT, THE REFORMATION ENDED CHURCH UNITY IN WESTERN EUROPE