1. Introduction to Disease

2. Disease
Significant disturbance in homeostasis triggering a variety of responses
State of functional dis-equilibrium resolved by recovery or death
Produces signs (observable by physical exam or symptoms (indications of disease perceived by patient)

3. Etiology (Cause) of Disease
Idiopathic- unknown
Mutated gene through heredity or environmental factors
Infectious agents
Bacterial
Fungal
viral

4. Abnormal Growth Patterns
Hypertrophy – enlargement of an organ
Atrophy – decrease in size or function of an organ

5. Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia is increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ.
Hyperplasia may be a sign of abnormal or precancerous changes
Drug induced gingival hyperplasia

6. Hypoplasia
Underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or an organ.
Enamel hypoplasia- genetic etiology

7. Metaplasia Transformation of cells from a normal to an abnormal state.
Intestinal metaplasia

8. Dysplasia
A precancerous condition in which cells which are very similar to cancer cells grow in an organ 
Cervical Dysplasia- etiology HPV

9. Aplasia
defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue.
Bart’s Syndrome

10. Abnormal Growth Patterns
Hyperplasia
Tumor formation
Hypoplasia
Incomplete or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue
Aplasia
Absence of a structure or tissue
Abnormal Growth Patterns
Dysplasia
Disorder development of a structure
Metaplasia
Conversion of normal tissue into abnormal

11. Diagnosis Determination of a disease based on many factors including:
signs & symptoms
& lab results.

12. Terminology Acute Chronic Complications Prognosis Relapse Remission
Sequela
Terminal
Predicted course of outcome of disease
Disease ending in death
Signs & symptoms of chronic disease subside
Disease returns weeks or months after its apparent cessation
Sudden onset and short term course of disease
Long lived disease
another disease develops in patient already suffering from a disease
aftermath of a particular disease

13. Terminology
Prognosis – predicted course of outcome of disease

14. Acute – sudden onset & short term course of disease
Chronic – long lived disease

15. Terminal – disease ending in death
Remission – signs & symptoms of chronic disease subside
Relapse – disease returns weeks or months after its apparent cessation

16. Complications – another disease develops in patient already suffering from a disease
Sequela – aftermath of a particular disease (example: damage after rheumatic fever or STD)