1. Delia hip wo memorial school (hip wo) -project learning-
3D2  Yvan(6), vanessa(22), isaiah(5), nathan(20), nusaiba(7), daisy(12)

2. Contents of presentation
What is the experiment about and its purpose
Research
Variables
Procedure of experiments and results
Conclusion

3. What is our experiment about?
Creating Fire- retardant Paper from some household- items  and 
Compare which substance is more fire-retardant 
What is our experiment about?

4. Purpose of our experiment?
-Determine which  substance creates a good fire- retardant paper From household- items 
-Provide safety in daily life

5. Why did we choose this experiment?
We wanted to have an experiment related to fire (pyrolysis)
Fire- retardants are around us in our daily life
We wanted to let people know how what are fire- retardant and how they function and help us

6. Why does paper burn?
Because paper is  cellulose, there's a lot of energy given out as heat and yellow light, and the combustion of cellulose then gives out carbon dioxide and water

7. What is fire-Retardant ?
Fire-retardants are a variety of substances added to combustible material to prevent them for catching on fire or slow the spread of fire.

8. How does fire-retardant work?
It works by stopping or slowing down the 'flashover' of combustible materials
What is a flashover?
Flashover is the near-simultaneous ignition of exposed combustible material which undergo thermal decomposition and release flammable gases which is the process called 'burning'

9. Types of fire-retardant substances
Bromine- Used to stop forest fire
Calcium Silicate- Used as a protective layer for fire of some furnitures or structure 
Baking soda- Used to stop kitchen fires

10. Apparatus Borax Baking Soda Hair Gel Vaseline Water Beaker Tongs Trays
Bunsen Burner
Glass Rod

11. Procedure Phase 1 Creating Fire-Retardant Solution
-Combing water(150ml) with substance(50g) in a tray by stirring
-Soaking paper in solution for 8 minutes
-Drying paper for a week
Phase 2 Testing Paper
-Holding paper with tongs 
-Burning the paper with the Bunsen burner
-Compare results of different paper

12. Controlled Variables (Fair Test)
Amount of water(150ml) 
Amount of substances(50g)
Temperature of Bunsen burner
Independent Variable
Type of solution (Baking Soda, Borax, Vaseline, Hair Gel)
Dependent Variable
Time of paper to stop burning

13. Experiment BORAX SOLUTION (2660ms) BAKING SODA (3880ms) VASELINE
HAIR GEL
(10000ms)

14. Hypothesis of why solutions worked or were a failure
-The Borax and Baking Soda contained no oil, thus the paper absorbed everything from the solution.
-Paper soaked in the Vaseline and Hair Gel solution.
Vaseline and Hair Gel are oil-based, therefore we think that only water was absorbed from the solution of Hair Gel and Vaseline.

15. Error Purity of Solution
Vaseline wouldn't bind with water as it contains oil  
Soap had to be used as a mixing agent which affected the purity of solution and 'fair test' as the Individual Variable was more than one.
Time Measurement
The time was not measured during the experiment but was based on the video
Distance of paper and Bunsen burner was not consistent which affected the accuracy of the time taken.
Size of Paper
The size of the paper soaked in solution of Baking Soda was different compared to the other paper

16. Experimental conclusion
Experiment was in 2-phases which involved making the solution, soaking paper and burning the paper
We discovered that Borax and Baking Soda was able to completely stop the spread of fire but the Vaseline and Hair Gel had no effect 
During our experiment, errors in measurement of time, purity of one of our solution and size of different paper had errors.
Experimental conclusion

17. REflection
Possible improvements to avoid errors in our experiment -Keep the size of the paper consistent -Make sure that the substance was soluble in water -Use an apparatus will prevent the inconsistency of the distance between the paper and Bunsen burner such as a standing clamp

18. Teachers & Students for listening
Thank You!
Teachers & Students for listening