1. State Fire Training Confined Space Awareness

2. Regulations
February 1994 CAL-OSHA enacted their final rule for confined space relations
Title 8, California Code of Regulations (CCR), General Industry Safety Orders (GISO), Sections 5156, 5157, 5158
Outside California FED-OSHA has a near identical document
American National Science Institute (A.N.S.I.) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and health (N.I.O.S.H.) guidelines are also used.*

3. Fatality Statistics
Studies reveal that every year approximately 67 preventable deaths occur in confined spaces
As many as 60% of the deaths to occur would be rescuers*
Research reveals interesting facts regarding the causes of deaths in confined spaces
65% hazardous atmospheres *
13% engulfment
7% struck by falling objects
6% heat stress/exposure
4% others

4. Not all will be labeled!

5. Some will be!

6. Injury and Illness Prevention
Safety responsibility
Compliance/recognition
Employee-employer communication
Workplace inspections/evaluation
Correction of hazards
Injury/illness investigation
Training
Recordkeeping

7. Definitions of Confined Space
Confined spaces are subdivided into two groups
1. Confined Space
Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and
Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit; and
Is not designed for continuous
employee occupancy

8. Permit Required Confined Space
A permit required space must meet the definition of a confined space plus one of the following:*
Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere
Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant
Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls, or a floor which slopes and tapers to a smaller cross section or
Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard

9. Typical Permit Required Confined Spaces
Storage tanks
Pump wet wells
Degreasers
Digesters
Sewers
Person holes
Tunnels
Underground vaults
Boilers
Silos
Vessels
Grain elevators
Mixers
Open topped water tanks
Water towers
Enclosures with bottom access
Rail car tanks

17. Dangers of Confined Spaces
Oxygen deficiency
By-products of previously stored materials
Storage tanks retain residue
Product is absorbed into tank walls
Accidental leaks or spills
Leaks of substances give off vapors or cause reactions
Slip, trip or fall hazard
Chemical Reactions
Accidental mixing of chemicals
Drying paint
Multiple use tanks

19. Dangers of Confined Spaces
Oxidation
Rusting of metals
Rotting or decomposing organic materials
Mechanical Operations
Welding
Painting
Cleaning
Scraping or sandblasting
Missing/stirring operations
Recharging of batteries
Inerting Activities
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Helium (HE)
Nitrogen (N2)

20. Types of Confined Space Hazards
Confined space hazards are basically grouped into six groups
Atmospheric hazards
Physical hazards
Engulfment hazards
Corrosive hazards
Biological hazards
Other hazards

21. Confined space Awareness (SFD Web Site)
VIDEOS
Confined space Awareness (SFD Web Site)

22. Effects of Hazardous Atmospheres
Suffocation*
65% of fatalities occurring in confined spaces are a result of hazardous atmospheres *
Poisoning *
Explosion/Fire *

23. Hazardous Atmosphere
An atmosphere which exposes employees to a risk or death, incapacitation, injury or acute illness from one or more of the following causes
O2 level below 19.5% or above 23.5%
Flammable gas or vapor in excess of 10% of L.E.L.
Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that obscures vision at 5 feet or less
Any immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) atmosphere

24. Target Gases and Effects
Oxygen*
Must be between 19.5% and 23.5% by volume for atmosphere to be considered safe*
Above 23.5% by volume the environment becomes unstable and prone to flash fires or explosion
Below 16% physical effects will become apparent
Methane
Colorless
Odorless
Non-toxic
Asphyxiate (displaces O2)
Lighter than air*
Explosive range (5% to 15%)

25. Target Gases and Effects
Carbon Monoxide*
Colorless
Odorless
Toxic
Asphyxiant (displaces O2)
Vapor density = to air
Explosive range (12.5% to 74.2%)

26. Target Gases and Effects
Hydrogen Sulfide*
Colorless
Smell like rotten eggs
Toxic
Vapor density is 1.89
Explosive range (4% to 44%)
Common in sewage facilities
Diminishes your sensitivity to smell
Sulfur dioxide
Pungent
Irritating gas
1-10 ppm exposure causes respiratory and pulse rate increase and decrease in depth of respiration
Vapor density is 2.26
Non-flammable

27. Target Gases and Effects
Carbon dioxide
Colorless
Odorless
Non-combustible gas
Toxic
Exposure symptoms
Headache
Dizziness
Restlessness
Vapor density is 1.53

28. Atmospheric Monitors Types of air monitors/alarms Single gas monitors
Will monitor only one preset gas
Multiple gas monitors
Will monitor multiple preset gases
1) Monitors that sense four (4) gases at once are commonly used in confined space operations referred to as four (4) in one (1) monitors

29. Monitoring Operations
Monitoring should be done in the following order every time
Oxygen content (first)*
Flammable gases/vapors (second)*
Potential toxic contaminants (third)*
Testing should be done prior to lifting person hole covers
To get the most accurate reading
To eliminate potential explosions
Testing should be done at all levels of the confined space
Stratification of gases may occur due to vapor density of gases vary
Testing must continue periodically
Results of monitoring must be logged
An entry permit as well as data log of monitor if equipped

30. Physical Hazards Grinding equipment* Agitators Mulching equipment*
Drive shafts
Gears and other moving equipment
Steam or steam fittings
Electrocution
Falling objects*

31. Engulfment Hazards Material involved in engulfment incidents*
Grains
Sand
Gravel
Cement
Clay
Sawdust
Liquids
Causes of engulfment incidents
Walking on unstable material that has void spaces below
Bridging*
Improper or lack of use of safety/retrieval lines
Overhead flow of particulate matter or liquids activated inadvertently

32. Case Study
On June 6, 1998, a 56 year-old worker died when he was engulfed by sand in a hopper at a concrete pipe manufacturing company. His job as a "material man" was to direct the flow of sand and gravel from storage bins to hoppers housed in a shed on top of the plant. Since there was only one conveyor that moved sand and gravel from storage bins to the shed, the material man had to enter the shed and manually operate a lever that controlled the flow of sand or gravel into the correct hopper. He entered the 17 foot deep hopper filled with sand, perhaps by falling, was engulfed, and suffocated.

33. Case Study
A 23-year-old mill operator and a 20-year-old maintenance technician were killed when they were engulfed in corn in a 6,000 bushel cone bottom gravity feed bin at a feedlot. The two individuals had been "knocking down" soy bean meal in a gravity feed bin next to the corn bin prior to the incident. For some reason, after their work in the soy bean meal bin they went to the corn bin and both individuals became engulfed in cracked corn. Both of these bins were active, flowing soy bean meal and cracked corn into a "clam" approximately once every five to ten minutes. The "clam" was then emptied into feed trucks. When the corn flowed from the bin, this pulled the victims under the corn. When others at the feedlot realized the two were trapped in the corn, they cut openings in the bottom of the bin to release the corn and rescue the victims. Both individuals died from suffocation.

34. Target Industries Physical and engulfment hazards
Industry with mechanized assembly equipment
Spaces with electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic equipment supplied to it, or within it
Grain or particulate matter production or processing
Industries that have spaces with top load applications
Industries that have spaces with bottom dump applications

35. Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedures
Procedures performed to isolate any potential energy source to the space
Electricity
Hydraulic
Steam
Drive mechanisms
Pneumatic
Gravity flow of product
Must be Performed by an authorized employee*
Printed tags and locks are used to warn other employees of isolated energy source

36. Lock-Out/Tag-Out Procedures
Examples of lock-out/tag-out*
Electrical switches locked-out
Hydraulic lines blocked and bled
Steam line blind flanged
Drive mechanisms disconnected
Drive belts removed
Liquid valves locked-out
Overhead dumps locked-out

37. Lock Out Tag Out

38. Entry Permits
A form or tactical worksheet required by CAL-OSHA that must be completed for confined space entries
Components of an entry permit
List of special hazards
Results of initial and periodic atmosphere tests
Measures to isolate the space and control hazards prior to entry
Lock-put/tag-out
Listing of rescue and emergency services
Communications procedures
Additional
Location
Purpose of entry
Date of entry and authorized duration
List of authorized entrants
List of attendants
Entry supervisor signature
List of necessary tools and equipment

39. Lock Out Tag Out

40. Entry Permits Prior to entry to entry supervisor must
Approve the permit *
Upon completion of entry
Permit must be signed and cancelled by the entry supervisor *
Permit must be filed and retained at least one (1) year *

41. OSHA Exemptions to Permit Regulations
Selected construction operations
Defined by section 1502
Selected agriculture operations
Defined by Section 3437
Marine terminal operations
Defined by Section 3460
Shipyard operations
Regulated by Section 8437
Telecommunications people holes and vaults
Regulated by Section 8616
Grain handling facilities
Defined by Section 5158
Electric utility operations within underground vaults

42. OSHA Exemptions to Permit Regulations
Exemptions based on employer proof of atmospheric hazard only
Must not contain any other hazards except atmospheric condition only
Hazard can be eliminated by ventilation alone
When exemptions are granted components of the normal entry program may or may not be present
Entry permit may not be provided
Attendant my not be present
Entrant lowering and retrieval equipment may not be present
Exemptions are only valid when entry is for the prescribed purpose
To evacuate an injured worker out of an exempted space would nullify the exemption, and Sections 5156, 5157 and 5158 would prevail.

45. Ventilation Equipment & Technique
Industrial fans/ventilators*
Smoke ejector fans*
Duct work*
Person hole saddle vents*
Ventilations Plans
Ventilations plans are predominantly carried out in one of three ways
Forced supply ventilation*
Force exhaust ventilation*
Force supply and exhaust ventilation*

46. Ventilation Equipment & Technique
Ventilation Plan Considerations
Configuration of the space
Number of openings in the space
Location of the openings
Vertical (top)*
Horizontal (side)
Bottom
Vapor density of suspected vapors*
Wind direction *
Equipment available

47. Ventilation Equipment & Technique
Ventilation Plan Hazards
Directing exhausted explosive vapors toward ignition sources
Directing vehicle exhaust (or other hazardous vapors) into the supply fans
Changing a non-explosive atmosphere into an explosive atmosphere*
Diluting an atmosphere that is above its UEL down below its explosive range would require passing through the explosive range

49. Respiratory Equipment and Techniques
Respiratory Protection Requirements
Respiratory protection must be provided and personnel trained if the following conditions exist
Testing demonstrates the existence of dangerous or deficient conditions and additional ventilation cannot reduce concentrations to safe levels
The atmosphere tests as safe but unsafe conditions can reasonably be expected to develop
It is not feasible to provide for ready exit from spaces equipped with automatic fire suppression systems and it is not practical or safe to deactivate such systems
An emergency exists and it is not feasible to wait for pre-entry procedures to take effect

50. Respiratory Equipment and Techniques
Respiratory Protection Classifications
Self-contained breathing apparatus
Considered highest level of protection
Supply / duration is carried with entrant*
No air hoses to outside to restrict movement*
Cylinder size can cause difficulty in tight spaces*
Combination/dual purpose SCBA
Same as simple SCBA with addition of high press inlet hose

51. Respiratory Equipment and Techniques
Supplied air respirator with escape cylinder
Air is supplied to entrants mask from outside the space
Capable of endless air supply
Must include escape cylinder *
Normally five (5) to ten (10) minute duration
Air line not to exceed 300’ from source *
Air purifying respirators
Must not be oxygen deficient atmosphere
Cartridge must be specific to vapor, mist, fumes, dusts, et.
Not recommended unless conditions are known and can be maintained *

52. Air Purifying Respirator

53. Air Purifying Respirator

55. Supplied Air Respirator with Escape Cylinder

56. Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

57. Communications Equipment
Battery operated portable radios
Push to talk operations
Voice activated operations *
Ear mike option
Two way – multiple users
Reception/transmission interference
Electronic equipment must be intrinsically safe
Hard wire systems
Push to talk operation
Conference operation – multiple users
Hard wire can restrict movement *

58. Communications Equipment
Hand signals
Basic signals
Must be committed to memory
Must have visual contact
Rope signals
Restricts movement
Tapping or rapping codes on tanks
Basic codes
Limited application

59. CAL-OSHA Regulations Permit required confined spaces
Communication equipment and procedures to maintain contact between entrants and attendants must be provided *
Permit required confined spaces with any of the following conditions
Testing demonstrates the existence of dangerous or deficient conditions and additional ventilation cannot reduce concentrations to safe levels.
The atmosphere tests as safe but unsafe conditions can reasonably be expected to develop
It is no feasible to provide for ready exit from spaces equipped with automatic fire suppression systems and it is not practical or safe to deactivate such systems
An emergency exists and it is not feasible to wait for pre-entry procedures to take effect

60. OSHA Requirements: Retrieval Equipment
OSHA requires retrieval line and fall restraint when vertical entry of five feet or more below grade is made *
Retrieval lines must be attached to a mechanical device (mechanical advantage) outside the space
Entrants are to stay “on line” unless this would increase entrant risk of injury, or is impossible *
Staying on line allows for non-entry rescue

61. Lifting, Lowering and Fall Restraint Equipment
Anchoring devices (high point anchor)
Tripod
Manufactured
Fabricated
Ladders
Timber
Ladder gin
Davit mounted systems
Truck mounted booms
Beam trolley

62. Tripod System

63. Ladder Gin

64. Mechanical Advantage System
Z-Rig 3 to 1 pulley system

65. Lifting, Lowering and Fall Restraint Equipment
Mechanical advantage systems
Hand cranked mechanical winches with cable
Rope and pulley systems
Fall restraint systems
Inertia or centrifugal systems
Maximum 2’ drop allowed
Cam systems
Gibbs ascender
Rescue ascenders

66. Lifting, Lowering and Fall Restraint Equipment
Entrant/victim harnesses
Full body harnesses (Class III)*
Wristlets *
Upper body immobilization devices
LSP halfback
Oregon Spine Splint
Full body immobilization devices
Stokes litter
Sked sled
Miscellaneous hardware
Pulleys
Carabiners

67. Spinal Immobilization Devices

68. Operational Positions and Responsibilities
Attendant Duties *
Knows hazards faced during entry, including mode, signs/symptoms and consequences of exposure
Understand behavioral effects of exposure on entrants
Maintains count and identities of personnel in the space*
Remains outside the space until relieved, may also perform rescue if trained
Communicates with entrants as needed *
Monitors activities inside and outside the space and orders evacuation if conditions dictate
Initiates on-site rescue procedures and summons additional rescue services if needed
Secures a safe perimeter and takes action if unauthorized persons approach *
Performs non-entry rescues or other rescue services as designated by the on-site rescue procedure
Performs no duties that might interfere with primary duty to protect the entrant

69. Operational Positions and Responsibilities
Authorized Entrants Duties *
Knows hazards during entry, including mode, signs/symptoms and consequences of exposure
Properly uses all equipment required to make safe entry
Communicates with attendant as necessary for attendant to monitor entrant status and activate evacuation
Alerts attendant if situations warrant
Exits the space immediately if situations warrant

70. Operational Positions and Responsibilities
Duties of Entry Supervisors *
Knows hazards during entry, including mode, signs/symptoms and consequences of exposure
Verifies that entry permit is completed, tests have been conducted, and needed equipment is present before endorsing the permit and approving entry*
Terminates the entry and cancels the permit *
Verifies that additional equipment and services are present
Confirms that entry operations remain consistent with entry permit, that acceptable entry conditions are maintained, and consistent transfer of responsibility take place *

71. Confined Space Awareness
End.

72. Procedure
I. PURPOSE
A. To provide guidelines for the minimum requirements for entry into and rescue operations within Confined Spaces, in compliance with Federal Regulation 29, CFR , Title 8 of CCR Article 108, and NIOSH Publication
II. RESPONSIBILITY
A. It will be the responsibility of each member to exercise appropriate command and control dictated by their rank in the implementation of this operational procedure.
III. CONFINED SPACE CLASSIFICATIONS:
A. NIOSH has three (3) classifications for confined spaces, based on life threatening characteristics.
1. CLASS A: An environment which is Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health. (IDLH) Entry by permit only shall be posted.
2. CLASS B: An environment that has the POTENTIAL for causing injury or illness, if preventative measures are not use, but Not Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health. (IDLH).
3. CLASS C: An environment that has potential hazards which would not require any special modifications of the work procedures.

73. Procedure B. OSHA/CAL-OSHA: defines Confined Spaces as:
1. Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and
2. has a limited or restricted means of entry or exit; and
3. is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
C. OSHA/CAL-OSHA: defines a Permit Required Confined Space as a confined space with any of the following characteristics:
1. Contains or has the Potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; or
2. Contains a material that has the Potential for engulfing an entrant: or
3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or
4. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.
D. OSHA/CAL-OSHA: defines a Non Permit Confined Space as;
1. A confined Space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

74. Procedure
IV. CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS
A. It shall be the responsibility of all Qualified Persons at the incident to identify any realized or potential hazard.
B. HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES
1. An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of the ability to self rescue (escape unaided from the space), injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:
a. An atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5% by volume.
b. An atmosphere containing greater than 10% of the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of a flammable gas.
c. An atmosphere containing a concentration greater than the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for the material involved.
d. An airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its Lower Flammable Limit (LFL). This concentration may be approximated, as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at a distance of five (5) feet or less.

75. Procedure C. MECHANICAL HAZARDS
1. Mechanical devices and equipment capable of causing death or injury within the Confined Space.
D. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
1. Any electrical equipment or lines in or passing through the Confined Space which are not in rigid conduit.
E. ENGULFMENT HAZARDS
1. Any material in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state that is present in or may flow into the Confined Space.
F. HEAT HAZARDS
1. All Confined Spaces have the potential for elevated temperatures. Monitoring the temperature of the Confined Space and Personnel working inside is needed to prevent heat exhaustion/stroke and to alert personnel to possible atmospheric condition changes.

76. Procedure B. OSHA/CAL-OSHA: defines Confined Spaces as:
1. Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and
2. has a limited or restricted means of entry or exit; and
3. is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
C. OSHA/CAL-OSHA: defines a Permit Required Confined Space as a confined space with any of the following characteristics:
1. Contains or has the Potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; or
2. Contains a material that has the Potential for engulfing an entrant: or
3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor that slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or
4. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.
D. OSHA/CAL-OSHA: defines a Non Permit Confined Space as;
1. A confined Space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

77. Procedure V. HAZARD CONTROL A. ATMOSPHERIC
1. Prior to entering a Confined Space, the atmosphere shall be monitored in the following order:
a. Oxygen
b. Flammability
c. Toxicity
2. If atmospheric monitoring indicates an unsafe entry condition, entry into the Confined Space shall not be permitted until the hazard has been eliminated by ventilation.
3. After entry has been made, monitoring shall continue and all personnel shall exit the space when conditions become unsafe Before re-entry into the space, the ventilation program shall be re- evaluated.
4. When using forced air ventilation, consider where the hazardous atmosphere is being vented to and take proper precautions in that area.
5. Eliminate all potential ignition sources.
a. Lockout/Tagout
b. Secure fuels
B. MECHANICAL
1. Lockout/Tagout
2. All mechanical equipment/devices capable of causing injury are to be placed in a zero mechanical state.A

78. Procedure C. ELECTRICAL 1. Lockout/Tagout
a. All electrical equipment in the Confined Space.
b. Secure at sub panel if possible; if not, secure at main panel even if it means a sub-area or plant shutdown.
c. Be aware of stored energy.
D. ENGULFMENT
2. Blanking/Blinding
E. HEAT
1. Ventilation
2. Rotation of Personnel
3. Medical monitoring.
VI. DEFINITIONS
A. QUALIFIED PERSON(S)
1. One who is capable of identifying hazards in the work area, or working conditions that are hazardous or dangerous to personnel and is authorized to take corrective measures to eliminate them.
2. One who is trained and familiar with accepted Confined Space standards and requirements.

79. Procedure VI. DEFINITIONS (cont.) B. AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS
1. An employee who is designated by the employer to enter a Confined/Permit Required Confined Space.
a. It is the employers responsibility to ensure that all authorized entrants receive the appropriate training and perform their duties properly under the permit space program.
C. ATTENDANTS
1. An employee stationed outside the Confined Space who is trained as required.
a. Monitors condition and location of entrants.
b. Maintains control of entry area.
D. ENTRY SUPERVISOR
1. An employee trained to the levels of entrant and attendant.
a. Responsible for the issuing of and canceling of the entry permit.
b. Maintains entry conditions consistent with the entry permit and the Standard Operating Procedure.

80. Procedure E. LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURE
1. All mechanical equipment and devices shall be placed in a zero mechanical state and controllers locked and tagged.
2. All electrical equipment (excluding lights) shall be locked in the open/off position and tagged.
3. In cases where it’s locking is not possible, equipment shall be properly tagged with a non-reusable, self-locking device in the open/off position.
4. If the equipment is not capable of being locked out, then it is to be tagged in the open/off position and physical security provided.
5. All valves are to be locked in the closed position with a wheel cover or chain and tagged.
6. All product lines are to be blanked, blinded, or disconnected and tagged.
7. Padlocks are to be of the key type and not keyed alike. The key is to remain with the entry team.
8. The key to a successful lockout is to retain someone intimately familiar with the systems in the work area, allowing them to brief and guide YOU through THEIR systems.
9. Remember backup, redundant, and override systems.

81. Procedure VII. PERSONNEL PROTECTION A. CONFINED SPACES
1. Appropriate safety gear.
B. PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES
1. Flash protection (brush gear, nomex coveralls), helmet, gloves, Class III full body harness.
2. Respiratory protection.
a. SAR
b. Type C SCBA
c. SCBA
3. Communication system.
a. Voice over power systems.
(1) TELEX system
VIII. CONFINED SPACE RESCUE
A. All rescues in Confined Spaces will be considered PERMIT REQUIRED. (2) Portable radios (must be intrinsically safe)

82. Procedure
IX. RESPONSE
A. Initial dispatch will be the standard “Rescue” response.
B. Additional trained resources are subject to special request.
C. A complete Confined Space Rescue Team will include:
1. First Arriving engine (size up/overhead)
2. MO71 (extraction team)
3. MO75 (entry team)
4. MO21 (entry/extraction)
5. MO35 (entry/extraction)
6. Battalion Chief (I/C)
D. If the incident becomes an extended operation, additional response shall be:
1. A Level I Overhead Team.
2. Recall additional CSRT personnel as needed.

83. Procedure PHASE ONE (size up) A. Secure witness/foreman/supervisor.
B. Identify immediate hazards.
C. Secure permit information.
D. Location, number, condition of victims.
E. Type of space.
F. Present and past uses of the space.
G. Space hazards.
H. Diagram of the space.
I. Structural stability of the space.
J. Evacuate if Necessary.
K. Crowd/Traffic control.

84. Procedure XI. PHASE II (pre-entry operations)
A. Establish a Unified Command (Fire, Site Management, Medical, Police)
B. Assign a Safety Officer.
C. Establish a perimeter.
D. Secure permit information.
E. Test work area atmosphere.
F. Establish a work area perimeter and clear it of unauthorized personnel.
G. Test Confined Space atmosphere.
H. Secure hazards.
I. Effect ventilation plan.
J. Confirm Lockout/Tagout.
K. Assess if to be Rescue or Recovery.
L. Establish Action Plan (RESCUE permit) with Back-up plan.

85. Procedure XII. PHASE III (rescue) A. Execute Action Plan.
B. Confirm entry conditions.
C. Confirm all teams in place and properly outfitted.
D. Confirm all support systems.
1. Entry/retrieval.
2. Air.
3. Records.
4. Lighting.
5. Rescue/removal equipment.
E. Confirm Medical Plan.
F. Assess Ventilation Plan.
G. Confirm/check Communication Plan.
H. MAKE ENTRY.

86. Procedure I. Monitor ALL conditions. 1. Confined Space. a. Atmosphere.
b. Personnel
2. Work Area.
b. Personnel.
3. Ventilation plan
a. Atmosphere downwind.
J. Establish a work period based on conditions.
1. Rotate Entry teams for rehab and medical evaluation.
2. Rotate other teams as necessary.
K. Effect rescue/recovery.
L. EXIT SPACE.
M. Account for ALL personnel and victims.
N. Account for all equipment.
O. Secure Space.
P. Cancel RESCUE Permit.

87. Procedure XIII. PHASE IV (termination) A. Remove tools and equipment.
B. All personnel to Rehab and receive medical monitoring at scene.
C. Consider C.I.S. debriefing.
D. Secure scene.
E. Release all personnel.
F. Secure Unified Command.
G. File Entry Permit and all logs
XIV. HAZ-MAT:
A. IF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS are involved, and Level A or Level B entry protection is required, a Haz-Mat Team shall be dispatched and entry will be made by cross trained personnel (Fire or Civilian Contractor) or,
B. Haz-Mat Team can mitigate the scene and recovery can be made by Fire CSRT.

88. Procedure XV. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (NON RESCUE)
A. Secure PERMIT process.
B. Confirm LOCKOUT/TAGOUT.
C. MONITOR atmosphere.
D. EVALUATE permit process.
E. Make APPROPRIATE entry.
XVI. PERMIT REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE ENTRY (NON RESCUE)
A. Secure PERMIT.
D. VENTILATE.
F. CANCEL permit.
G. FILE permit.

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