5. OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)
Time domain
Frequency domain
Coherence length

6. Confocal microscopy

12. T= 𝑡 𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 𝑖𝜙 1− 𝑟 2 𝑒 𝑖2𝜙 𝜙=𝑛𝑘𝑑 𝑧 0 =1 𝑧 =𝑡 𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 𝑖𝜙 =𝑡 𝑡 ∗ 𝑟 2 𝑒 𝑖3𝜙
=𝑡 𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 𝑖𝜙
=𝑡 𝑡 ∗ 𝑟 2 𝑒 𝑖3𝜙
=𝑡 𝑡 ∗ 𝑟 4 𝑒 𝑖5𝜙 ….
𝑡 ,𝑟 𝑡 ∗ ,𝑟
𝑟= 𝑧−1 𝑧+1 ,𝑡= 2z z+1 , 𝑡 ∗ = 2 z+1
h= 𝑟 2 𝑒 𝑖𝜙 = 𝑟 2 𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑑
T= 𝑡 𝑡 ∗ 𝑒 𝑖𝜙 1− 𝑟 2 𝑒 𝑖2𝜙
𝑇= 4∗𝑁𝑠 𝑗 𝑁𝑠 𝑗 ∗ exp −2 𝜋𝑖∗ 𝑁𝑠 𝑗 ∗𝑓 𝑗 ∗ 𝑑 𝑐 1− ( 𝑁𝑠 𝑗 −1 𝑁𝑠 𝑗 )∗exp⁡(−4𝜋𝑖∗𝑁𝑠(𝑗)∗𝑓(𝑗)∗ 𝑑 𝑐 )) ;

13. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛= 𝑆 21 = 𝑆 21 exp⁡(𝑗𝜙)

14. ℎ=𝑇 1 𝑇 2 𝑒 2𝑗𝑘𝑑 or
𝑅 1 𝑅 2 𝑒 2𝑗𝑘𝑑
ℎ = 𝑇 1 𝑇 𝜑=2𝑗𝑘𝑑= 4𝑗𝜋𝑑 𝜆 = 4𝜋𝑗𝑓𝑑 𝑐