1. Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution

2. Urbanization The movement of people to cities Causes
Changes in farming
Population growth
Need for workers

3. New Social Classes Industrial Middle Class Industrial Working Class
Owned and operated the new factories, mines, railroads, etc.
Industrial Working Class
Lived in tenements (multistory buildings divided into apartments; no running water or sewage)
Labor Unions-working organizations, illegal at the time

4. Life in Factories & Mines
12-16 hour shifts, 6 days a week
Only take breaks when given permission
No safety devices=lost limbs
Usually hired women, easier to teach/control, paid half wages
Miners even worse
Children often employed b/c of their small stature

5. Results of Industrialization
Negative
Brought about hardships at first
Positive
More jobs created
Wages increased

8. New Ways of Thinking

9. Thomas Malthus
British economist; felt poverty was unavoidable b/c population was increasing faster than food
Urged families to have fewer children
Best cure for poverty wasn’t government relief but the unrestricted “laws of the free market”

10. Utilitarianism
The idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens

11. Socialism-Economic System (primarily)
People as a whole rather than individuals would own and operate the means of production
Farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses

13. Karl Marx &
Communism
German philosopher; wrote The Communist Manifesto
Communism
World dominated by Class Struggle
Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat
Middle v. Working Class
A classless society in which all means of production would be owned by the State
POLITICAL & ECONOMIC SYSTEM