1. Principles of Development

2. Developmentally appropriate practices
1. what is known about child development and learning — knowledge of age-related human characteristics that permits general predictions within an age range about what activities, materials, interactions, or experiences will be safe, healthy, interesting, achievable, and also challenging to children;

3. Developmentally appropriate practices
2. what is known about the strengths, interests, and needs of each individual child in the group – to be able to adapt for and be responsive to inevitable individual variation;

4. Developmentally appropriate practices
3. knowledge of the social and cultural contexts in which children live – to ensure that learning experiences are meaningful, relevant, and respectful for the participating children and their families.

5. 1. Domains of children's development are closely related to each other
Physical
Language
Aesthetic
Cognitive
Emotional
Social
Development in one domain influences and is influenced by development in other domains.

6. 1. Domains of children's development are closely related to each other
Physical
Language
Aesthetic
Cognitive
Emotional
Social
Development in one domain influences and is influenced by development in other domains.

7. 2. Development occurs in a relatively orderly sequence
with later abilities, skills, and knowledge building on those already acquired.

8. 3. Development proceeds at varying rates
from child to child as well as unevenly within different areas of each child's functioning.

9. 4. Early experiences have both cumulative and delayed effects on individual children's development
optimal periods exist for certain types of development and learning.

10. 5. Development proceeds in predictable directions
toward greater complexity, organization, and internalization.

11. 6. Development and learning occur in and are influenced by multiple social and cultural contexts

12. 7. Children are active learners
drawing on direct physical and social experience as well as culturally transmitted knowledge to construct their own understandings of the world around them.

13. 8. Development and learning result from interaction
of biological maturation and the environment, which includes both the physical and social worlds that children live in.

14. 9. Play is an important vehicle
for children's social, emotional, and cognitive development, as well as a reflection of their development.

15. 10. Development advances
when children have opportunities to practice newly acquired skills as well as when they experience a challenge just beyond the level of their present mastery.

16. 11. Children demonstrate different modes
of knowing and learning and different ways of representing what they know.

17. 12. Children develop and learn best in the context of a community
where they are safe and valued, their physical needs are met, and they feel psychologically secure.

18. Infant Toddler PreSchooler Kindergartner Primary School age Tweener
Stages of Development
Infant
Toddler
PreSchooler
Kindergartner
Primary
School age
Tweener

19. Infant
begins at birth
ends as the child gains movement and language (begins to walk and talk)

20. Toddler movement and language are hallmarks of this period
emerging independence is capped by potty training, self-managing toiletries

21. PreSchooler
independence crafted during toddler times becomes the basis for exploring the world, expanding the awareness of the world around

22. Kindergartner
a unique creature in all the universe – this child is typically dependent on caregivers, while simultaneously being wholly independent of others

23. Primary
where the pre-schooler is motivated by a sensory exploration of her world, the school age child is engaging her intellect

24. School age
early primary school is about acquiring intellectual tools (learning to read, learning to count), later school age objectives take prior mastered tools and use them for application (reading to learn, counting to manipulate numbers and solve problems)

25. Tweener
this pre-pubescent young adolescent is shaped by enormous forces within and without