1. CURRENT STATUS AND ISSUES OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN IN SRI LANKA
Developing Technologies
The Gateway to a Sustainable Energy Future
CURRENT STATUS AND ISSUES OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN IN SRI LANKA
Thusitha Sugathapala
Director General
Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority
Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy
2nd September 2013

2. Content Sustainable Energy Domain National Energy Balance
Electricity Sector
Transport Sector
Energy Resources
Future Trends in Electricity Sector
Energy Conservation & Management
Key Challenges / Strengths
Possibilities for TT and R&D

3. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DOMAIN
The Pathway of Sri Lanka
Developing Renewable Energy
Energy Efficiency Improvements, Conservation and Management
Less Energy Intensive Economy (Energy Modesty) A
Pathway for Green Economy B C

4. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE
Primary Energy Supply by Source

5. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE
Primary Energy Supply by Source in 2011
Source
ktoe %
Biomass
43.66
Petroleum
43.39
Coal
324.00
2.86
Major Hydro
964.20
8.51
New Renewable Energy
178.40
1.58

6. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE
Energy Consumption by Sector

7. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE
Energy Consumption by Sector in 2011
Sector
ktoe %
Industry
2175.7
24.39
Transport
2459.7
27.57
Household, Commercial & Others
4284.9
48.00

8. NATIONAL ENERGY BALANCE
Sectoral Energy Consumption by Source in 2011
Household, Commercial & others Sector
Industrial Sector
Transport Sector

9. ELECTRICITY SECTOR Gird Electricity – An Overview in 2012
Installed Capacity
Total Capacity 3,316 MW
Hydro 1,357 MW
CEB Thermal 854 MW
PPP Thermal 784 MW
NRE 321 MW
Peak Demand 2,146 MW
Electricity Generation
Gross Generation: 11,800 GWh
Hydro 23%
Thermal-Oil 59%
Thermal-Coal 12%
NRE 6%
Electrification Level of HHs
Total %
National Grid 92%
Off-Grid %
Grid Emission Factor
In 2009: t-CO2/MWh
In 2010: t-CO2/MWh
In 2011: t-CO2/MWh
New Renewable Energy
Small Hydro
Wind
Biomass
Solar
Total
No. MW
107
234.1 9
73.7 3
11.5
1.4
122
321

10. ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Total Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant

11. ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Gross Generation by Type of Power Plant

12. ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Gross Generation by Type of Power Plant

13. ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Consumption by Consumer Category

14. ELECTRICITY SECTOR Consumption by Consumer Category in 2011 Sector
Annual Consumption
GWh %
Industry & Commercial - Large & medium
4,677
46.7
Industry & Commercial - Small
1,167
11.6
Religious 60
0.6
Domestic
3,980
39.7
Street Light
140
1.4
Total
10,024
100

15. ELECTRICITY SECTOR Consumption by Consumer Category in 2011
Other, mainly commercial buildings
Packaging industry
Mass media
Garment industry
Nonclassified
government organization
Defence
Food industry (including farms and restaurants)
Plastic, polythene, pvc
Financial institutions
Metal crushing
Telecommunication
Education
Coconut estate and fiber products
Wood products
Hospitals
Airport and sea ports
Leather and Rubber, including rubber estates
Non-classified industries
Electricity generation and distribution
Water pumping
Dessicated coconut industry
Supermarket chains
Inland transport
Property development and
large scale building management
Metal Industry (iron, aluminium etc)
Chemical and mining Industries
Hotel industry
Cement, roofing materials, porcelain
Recreation and sports
Rice mills
Tea industry

16. ELECTRICITY SECTOR
System Load Profile

17. ELECTRICITY SECTOR Rural Electrification Solar Home Systems
About 150,000 systems
Hindered the progress due to lack of after-sale services
Village Hydro
About 280 plants catering for 7000 households
About 30 villages received grid electricity
Three pilot projects on feeding to national grid
Pico Hydro
About 2000 systems
Small wind turbines
About 20 plants of capacities 100 – 200 W
Biomass (Dendro-Power)
Biomass Gasifier – IC Engine technology
Few plants installed but not very successful

18. Transport SECTOR
Active Vehicle Fleet - Estimates

19. Transport SECTOR Active Vehicle Fleet - 2011 Modal Share
Vehicle Category
Number %
Motor Cycles
1,762,195
52.6
Motor Cars
329,977
9.9
Three Wheelers
565,362
16.9
Dual Purpose
210,313
6.3
Buses
33,245
1.0
Lorries
213,939
6.4
Land Vehicles
234,053
7.0
Total
3,349,084
100.0
Modal Share
(% Passenger km)

20. ENERGY RESOURCES Main Categories Fossil Fuels
Fossil Fuels  Global resources
Renewable (RE) Resources  Indigenous resources
Fossil Fuels
Petroleum Oil
Furnace Oil
Diesel
Kerosene / Aviation Oil
Petrol
Naphtha
LPG
Coal
Refined from Imported Crude Oil/
Importation of Refined Oil

21. ENERGY RESOURCES RE Resources NRE Resources Conventional RE Resources
New Renewable Energy (NRE) Resources
Conventional Biomass  Thermal Energy
Large Hydro  Grid Electricity
NRE Resources
Small Hydro
Wind
Solar
Modern Biomass
Biofuels
Geothermal
Ocean Thermal/ Wave/ Tidal
Already being harnessed
Yet to be harnessed

22. ENERGY RESOURCES Solar Resource Map
Spatial distribution of annual average Global Horizontal Irradiation (kWh/m2/year)

23. ENERGY RESOURCES Wind Resource Map
Spatial distribution of annual average Wind Speeds (m/s)
Mannar Region

24. ENERGY RESOURCES
Small Hydro Resource Map
Low
Medium
High

25. ENERGY RESOURCES Biomass Biomass potential from dedicated plantation
Scrub Land
Availability of Land
Intercropping / under-cropping with other plantations: Coconut, Tea
Homeland (Out growers)
Land for dedicated plantation
Scrub land
Sparsely used cropland
More than 1 million ha
dry tons/ha/yr

26. ENERGY RESOURCES Biomass Biomass potential from dedicated plantation:
Declaration of “Gliricidia” as 4th plantation crop,
Sustainable plantation concepts for not only monoculture farming but also intercropping / under-cropping in agricultural lands.

27. ENERGY RESOURCES Geothermal Local resource potential
Ten sites have been identified in preliminary studies
Detailed studies are yet to be carried out

28. ENERGY RESOURCES Sea Wave Technologies Potential in Sri Lanka
Yet to be commercialized
Potential in Sri Lanka
Total potential MW
Potential HEZ MW
High Energy Zone
Moderate Energy Zone
Low Energy Zone

29. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Sri Lanka Energy Demand – Projections
Electricity
Year
Installed Capacity (MW)
Small Hydro
Wind
Biomass
Solar
Total
2015
350
230 40 30
650
2020
400
140
160
1100

30. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR
CEB Generation Plan – Base Case
Energy Mix (without NRE)

31. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR
NRE Road Map No
District
Biomass
Solar
Wind
Hydro
Total 1
Ampara 30 2
Anuradhapura 15 47 3
Badulla 60 61
136 4
Batticaloa 5
Colombo 40 6
Galle 12 27 7
Gampha 8
Hambantota
100
176 9
Jaffna 10
Kalutara 33 11
Kandy 80
125
Kegalle 94 13
Kilinochchi
105 14
Kurunegala
Mannar
260 16
Matale 38 68 17
Matara 28 18
Monaragala 51 19
Mullaittivu 45 20
Nuwara Eliya
133
193 21
Polonnaruwa 53 22
Puttalam
275 23
Ratnapura
151
181 24
Trincomalee 25
Vavuniya
 Total
360
250
1010
602
2222

32. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR
NRE Road Map
Progress as at 15th August 2013)
334 MW, 7% Grid-electricity generation
Technology
Status
Small Hydro
Wind
Biomass
Solar
Total
No. MW
Commissioned
118
243.2 9
73.0 4
16.5 3
1.4
134
334.0
Energy Permits 95
191.0 5
32.3 18
99.75 1
10.0
119
332.0
Provisional Approvals 75
98.0 2
20.0 8
45.0
72.0 94
235.0

33. FUTURE TRENDS IN ELECTRICITY SECTOR
Off-grid / Rural Electrification
Solar Home Systems
About 30,000 systems
Capacity Range: 20 – 60 W
Village Hydro
About 25 plants catering for 500 households
About 30 villages catering for 500 households
About 50 projects feeding to national grid
Pico Hydro
About 500 systems
Electrification of Remote Islands
Four Wind-Solar-Diesel Hybrid systems catering to households

34. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT
Energy Intensity and Industrial Competitiveness
Ability to produce and export manufactured goods competitively
Competitive Industrial Performance Index
Japan
Energy Intensity (ToE per US$ 1000 Manufacturing Value Added)
Sri Lanka

35. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT
Activities of SLSEA
Regulations
Energy Services
Awareness
Financing
Energy Manager / Energy Auditor
Accreditation of
Mandatory Energy Auditing / Consumption Data Reporting
Energy Management System
ISO50001
Sector specific energy efficiency programmes (Hotel, Tea, Water Pumping, Gov. Sector Buildings, …)
Provide sophisticated instruments for energy auditing
Project formulation and implementation through ESCOs
Conduct Training and Awareness Programmes
Implementing National Energy Award
Sustainable Guarantee Facility
Industry
Energy Efficient Building Code
Commercial
Fuel economy standards
Transport
Energy Labeling of Appliances
Introduction of Energy subject to School curricula
General Public 35

36. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT
National Energy Management Plan (EnMAP)
Developed for the 5-year period from 2012 to 2016.
It shall serve as a guide to embark on an integrated and cohesive programme of work with a long term perspective to realize better energy efficiency in all sectors.
Cost: Around LKR 1.2 billion;
Benefits: LKR 135 billion in 5 yrs
Main Activities:
Conducting awareness & training programmes and promoting services
Secure funds
Establishment of Energy Management Cells
Providing Advisory & Counseling services
Promoting ISO 50001
Introducing Standards & Regulations
Carrying out Research & Development
Establishment of Pilot Projects
Introducing Market Based Instruments
Rewarding of achievements

37. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT
Other National Programmes
ISO Certification – Technical assistance and certification jointly with SLSI.
Energy productivity improvement in small and medium institutions – National Productivity Secretariat
Regional Operations (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency – RE3 Zones) – With Provincial / Local governments
Energy efficiency improvement in hospitals – With Ministry of Health
Energy efficiency improvement in tea sector – With Tea Research Institute
Energy efficiency improvement in Hotel sector – With Ceylon Chamber of Commerce (CCC)
Formulation of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) for energy sector – both renewable energy and energy efficiency

38. ENERGY CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENT Annual Saving Potential - GWh
Energy Saving Target for 2020
Technology/Process-wise (Total Saving ~ 2,000 GWh)
Technology / Process
Annual Saving Potential - GWh
Energy Labeling Program
Ceiling Fans 35
Tubular Fluorescent Lamps 65
Ballasts 80
Refrigerators 16
Efficient lighting
173
Air Conditioning
250
ISO 50001
375
Efficient motors
185
Building Management System (BMS) 20
Efficient office equipments
Solar water heaters 5
Telecomunication 10
Efficient air compressors 11
Eliminating Incandescent Lamps
205
Green Buildings
550
Total
1,990

39. ENERGY LABELING OF APPLIANCES
CFL
Energy Performance Star Rating:
Mandatory programme in full implementation
More than 80% penetration in households
Annual demand:
CFL – 20 million,
Incandescent million
Ceiling Fans
Energy Performances:
Star Ratings
about to implement

40. ENERGY LABELING OF APPLIANCES
Electric Motors
Star Rating based on three Energy Efficiency Classes :
Final stage of implementation
Magnetic Ballast
Star Rating - Already developed, will be implemented within 2013
Other Appliances in consideration
Refrigerators
Air conditioners
Efficiency classes – (IE1,IE2,IE3)
Rated Energy consumption per hour –(kWh)

41. ENERGY EFFICIENCT BUILDING CODES
A code of practice established to improve energy performance of buildings
Implemented in 2008 for commercial buildings
Now under revision for further improvements
Energy Efficiency Building Guideline for domestic buildings is under development .

42. ENERGY MANAGER / ENERGY AUDITOR
ACCREDITATION OF
ENERGY MANAGER / ENERGY AUDITOR
Implemented with the objective of improving energy efficiency and conservation in industrial & commercial organizations.
Target Group: Any institution whose
Annual Electricity Consumption > 600,000 kWh or
Annual Thermal Energy Consumption > 4500 TOE
The Energy Manager Accreditation Programme has been implemented and about 180 Energy Managers have been appointed
Over 90 have been trained for Energy Auditor Accreditation

43. KEY CHALLENGES Technological Developments
Lack of expertise / Local capacity
Information Management / gaps
Lack of coordination
Absence of case studies on success stories and demonstration projects
Constraints in national grid in absorbing RE based electricity
Variable / Non-dispatchable generations
Limited options for demand side electrical load management to flatten the load curve
Geographical mismatch of supply and demand
Non-consideration of integrating to non-electrical energy loads (thermal / mechanical)

44. KEY CHALLENGES Higher costs of NRE
Limited market potentials
Limited local value addition
Lack of R&D
Lack of conducive environment for local manufacture
Lack of funding / financial schemes for project implementation
Transport sector is not properly addressed

45. STRENGTHS Provisions in the SLSEA Act for both RE and EM interventions
Inherently low energy intensive economy
RE and EM targets for 2020 under national action plan of the Government
100% electrification target of the Government
Pioneering experience in mini-hydro development
Diverse RE resource – technology – application options
Climatic conditions conducive for solar, biomass, hydro and wind

46. POSSIBILITIES FOR TT and R&D
Railway Electrification / Electric Vehicles
Demand Response through Smart Grid / Intelligent Control
Hydrogen as an Energy Storage Option
Pump Storage / Thermal Storage / Battery Storage
Emerging REs (Geothermal, Ocean Thermal, etc.)

47. SUMMING UP Special Thanks for NEDO for Sharing Experiences,
Future Collaboration of Key Stakeholders for Sustainable Energy Journey of Sri Lanka.