1. WARM UP
To entice new laborers to their colony, the Virginia Company established the "headright" system to A. promise the colonists the full rights of Englishmen B. establish tobacco plantations C. grant land to current and prospective settlers. D. pay the Indians for their services

2. Review
What characteristics of Pennsylvania separate it from other English colonies?
Guaranteed every man land and voting rights
Practiced religious freedom
Had friendly relations with natives (pacifists)
Georgia was established in 1732 as a colony for:
Debtors
How were the economies of the New England colonies and Southern colonies different?
New England – relied on merchants and business
Southern – relied on agriculture
What was the Middle Passage?
Voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to North America, many Africans died during the journey

3. 1.5 – TENSIONS EMERGE BETWEEN COLONIES & ENGLAND

4. Mercantilism
an economic practice in which a nation is entirely self-sufficient economically.
Free from reliance on trade with other countries
Required countries to practice bullionism – the saving and building up of gold and silver
The colonies existed in part to provide goods and raw materials to Great Britain (GB), and ONLY GB.
Did not produce goods that would be in competition with British goods.
Colonists also only bought British goods.

5. Favorable balance of trade
Mercantilism
Colonies are GREAT for business!
Bullionism
Favorable balance of trade
Self-sufficient

7. The colonies can export certain items ONLY to GB.
Navigation Acts
Mid 1600s – American merchants trading with Spanish, Dutch, and French traders  GB NOT happy.
Parliament – Great Britain’s legislative body
Passed the Navigation Acts – a series of laws restricting colonial trade
No country can trade with colonies unless the goods are shipped in either colonial or British ships.
All ships must be operated by crews that are at least ¾ British or colonial.
The colonies can export certain items ONLY to GB.
Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe must pass through a British port first.

8. Navigation Acts Navigation Acts promoted mercantilism
Colonies produced goods mainly for GB, thus GB did not have to buy resources/goods from other European countries
Other European countries still bought exports from GB  $$$ and bullionism!

9. Reactions to Navigation Acts
Provided more jobs in GB to work the docks
Brought more tax revenue to GB by taxing other countries for goods
Increase in colonial shipbuilding industry to build colonial ships for all goods
Angered by restrictions
Some colonists continued illegally trading with other nations

10. Royal Control of Massachusetts
GB did little to stop illegal trading for years, until it became apparent that the colonies, especially Massachusetts, were becoming too independent
1684 – King Charles II revoked the charter of Massachusetts and placed the colony under strict royal control
Combined New England colonies into 1 colony with 1 ruler – the Dominion of New England

11. Dominion of New England
King James II received thrown from King Charles II in 1685
King James II appointed Sir Edmund Andros to rule the Dominion of New England
Questioned the lawfulness of Puritanism
Strictly enforced Navigation Acts
Restricted local meetings
Set heavy taxes without local input
Colonies sent influential minister, Increase Mather, to London to try to persuade Parliament to lessen control.

12. Glorious Revolution King James II was not popular
Colonists disliked him for the royal control and Andros
Englishmen disliked him because he was Roman Catholic with little respect for Protestantism and the Church of England AND he overruled Parliament
King James II had a son  possibility of Catholic heir to the throne

13. Glorious Revolution
Parliament invited William of Orange (Dutch) to England
William’s wife was Mary, James II’s Protestant daughter
William brought army from Netherlands James II fled
Glorious Revolution – 1688
Parliament offered royal throne to William and Mary (Protestant rulers)
Parliament passed laws that gave it power over the monarchy

14. Colonies React to Glorious Revolution
Colonists arrested Andros and his officials
Parliament restored Massachusetts’s charter (no more Dominion of New England)
King appointed a royal governor
Required more religious tolerance of non-Puritans
Required more non-Puritan representation in colonial assemblies
No longer allowed to prosecute and discriminate against Anglicans (members of the Church of England) or Quakers

15. Review of British Rulers’ Colonial Policies
William & Mary ( )
- Glorious Revolution puts them in power
Established Parliament’s supremacy
Dissolved Dominion of NE and restored MA’s charter
Charles II ( )
- angered by MA’s disobedience of Nav. Acts
- Revoked MA’s charter and placed MA under royal control
James II ( )
- created Dominion of NE
Placed Andros in control
Not popular with anyone

16. Salutary Neglect
1688 – GB in economic competition with France  turns attention away from colonies
Salutary neglect – 1690s-1760s, English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies’ continued economic loyalty
As long as colonies provide raw materials/goods to GB AND colonists bought British goods  Parliament wouldn’t supervise closely
Colonies prosper!

17. Taste of Independence
Every colony ruled by a Royal Governor  paid by colonial assemblies NOT Parliament
Colonists used their monetary influence to persuade the governors to act in their favor (laws, judges, taxes, etc)
Salutary neglect hinged on colonial loyalty to GB
Keep $$$ going into England through raw materials AND buying English goods
Colonial industries in the North (lumber, shipbuilding) and South (tobacco, cotton) grow in the 1700s  economic interests outside of GB  GB cracks down!

18. Ticket out the Door
3- facets of mercantilism 2- results of the Glorious Revolution 1- meaning of salutary neglect